抓住文章线索 巧解阅读理解
在英语学习的过程中，许多学生一提到阅读理解就会表现出畏难情绪。学生们普遍存在的问题是：感到文章中的生词多，不会去分析长难句，考试时感到紧张读不进去。笔者认为，造成这些问题出现的原因一是由于学生的基础知识不过关，二是由于学生缺乏 正确的阅读方法。
其实任何一位作者在写文章时，总是要按照一定的思路将所要呈现的事实、细节、观点等进行陈述，而作者写作的思路就是文章的线索，文章的线索一般通过主题句来体现，主题句大多出现在每段首句，因此在阅读时只要抓住了主题句，就是抓住了作者写作的思路和文章的主旨。对于阅读理解题目，无论是主旨题还是细节题都是紧紧围绕文章的主题思想而设置的，因此在解答阅读理解题时，只要紧紧抓住文章的主旨，即文章的主题句，大多数题目都会迎刃而解。
下面一起来看一篇高考阅读文章：
Besides giving off gases and dusts into the air,humans also produce a lot of waste. Often, this waste produced by major industries and people is harmful to both nature and human life. One of the main causes of the large amount of dangerous waste is that people do not realize how large a problem it is. Because it can be simply removed and sent to a landfill (废渣填埋场),the problem is often believed to end there. In addition, industries have often shown an unwillingness (不愿意) to find ways to deal with dangerous waste because of the related expenses （相关费用）. Many industries and governments build simple landfills to store waste, and often just pour waste chemicals into nearby bodies of water. Often, chemicals used for industrial production cause dangerous forms of waste.The amount of these chemicals has increased greatly in the past, but it is often difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way safe to human life and the environment.
Every year, major health problems result from dangerous waste. Sadly, it is often only after
someone has died or become seriously ill that governments will take measures to reduce levels of harmful waste. Some governments have realized how serious the dangerous waste problem is and are now trying to settle this problem. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.
Not only governments but ordinary people as well must work together to solve the problem. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of dangerous waste, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one third using existing technologies and methods. 1. What would be the best title for the text? A. Reducing Dangerous Waste B. Danger of Harmful Waste to Mankind C. Dangerous Waste and Water Pollution D. Environmental Protection 2. According to the text, people ____.
A. do not produce harmful waste in their daily life
B. do not know where to place the dangerous waste
C. are not clear about how serious the dangerous waste problem is D. are not sure about where harmful waste ends
3. What troubles industries most in dealing with the dangerous waste problem? A. How to get government support. B. How to increase their production. C. How to store harmful waste. D. How to cut down the related costs. 4. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The polluting industries are not allowed to sell their products. B. Present technologies have settled the harm-ful waste problem. C. Most of us should obey the government rules for the problem. D. To solve the problem requires the efforts of the whole society. 接下来认真阅读和分析每段首句，即每段的主题句：
1. Besides giving off gases and dusts into the air, humans also produce a lot of waste. 2. One of the main causes of the large amount of dangerous waste is that people do not realize how large a problem it is.
3. Every year, major health problems result from dangerous waste.
4. Some governments have realized how serious the dangerous waste problem is and are now trying to settle this problem.
5. Not only governments but ordinary people as well must work together to solve the problem. 通过分析这五个句子，作者的写作思路和文章的线索一目了然，而且可以看出四道题目也是紧紧围绕各段的主题句而设置。
第1 题要求给文章拟一个题目，纵观五个主题句，经过对比分析得出B 选项为最佳答案。根据第二段主题句，可以判断第2 题选C，并且C 选项本身就是第二段主题句的同义转换句。而第3 题答案的信息就在文中第二段主题句后面，即... because of the re-lated expenses（相关费用），是对第二段主题句的进一步阐释，因此选D。最后一题是推理判断题，根据最后一段主题句，答案可以确定为选项阅。
由此可见，抓住了文章的主题句就是抓住了文章的线索，避免了阅读时只见树木，不见森林的错误做法，在解答阅读理解题时就能够做到既快又准。