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绝密★启用并使用完毕前
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）
英 语
本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，共12页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:
1. 答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2. 第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后， 再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 第II卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、脐带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第I卷（共105分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.5 B. ￡9.15 C. ￡9.18
答案是B。
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?
A. In a bookstore. B. In a classroom. C. In a library.
2. At what time will the film begin?
A. 7:20 B. 7:15 C. 7:00
3. what are the two speakers mainly talking aobut?
A. Their friend Jane B. A weekend trip. C. A radio programme.
4. What will the woman probably do?
A. Catch a train. B. See the man off C. Go shopping.
5. why did the woman apologize?
A. She made a late delivery B. She went to the wrong place C. couldn’t take the cake back
She
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段材料，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Whose CD is broken?
A. Kathy’s B. Mum’s C. Jack’s
7. What does the boy promise to do for the girl?
A. Buy her a new CD. B. Do some cleaning. C. Give here 10 dollars.
听一面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What did the man think of the meal?
A. Just so-so. B. Quite satisfactory C. A bit disappointing.
9. what was the 15% on the bill paid for?
A. The food. B. The drinks C. The service.
听一面一段对话，回答第10和第12三个小题。
10. Why is the man at the shop?
A. To order a camera for his wife B. To have a camera repaired
C. To get a camera changed
11. What colour does the man want?
A. Pink. B. Black. C. Orange.
12. What will the man do afterwards?
A.. Make a phone call day.
B. Wait until further notice C. Come again the next
听一面一段对话，回答第13和第16两个小题。
13. What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday?
A. Go to a play. B. Stay at home. C. Visit Kingston.
14. What is Ariel going to do in Toronto?
A. Attend a party. B. Meet her aunt. C. See a car show.
15. Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave?
A. To call up Betty B. To buy some DVDs. C. To pick up Daniel
16. What might be the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers C. Guide and tourist
听一面一段对话，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. Where does Thomas Manning work?
A. In the Guinness Company B. At a radio station. C. In a museum.
18. Where did the idea of a book of records come from?
A. a bird-shooting trip B. A visit to Europe C. A television talk show.
19. When did Sir Hugh’s first book of records appear?
A. In 1875 B. In 1950 C. In 1955
20. What are the two speakers going to talk about next?
A. More records of unusual facts B. The founder of the company
C. The oldest person in the world.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分）
第一节 语法和词汇知识运用（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or
__________.
A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
22. — Sorry I’m late. I got stuck in traffic.
— _________. You’re here now. Come in and sit down.
A. You are welcome B. That’s right mind
C. I have no idea D. Never
23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression
25. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how B. whether C. what D. why
26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told
27. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A. as B. if C. unless D. though
28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project.
A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts
29. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a
30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made
31. — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.
— _________. I can’t stand all this rain.
A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say C. So am I I hope so
32. A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B. where C. before D. until
33. Be _______ — you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time.
A. reasonable B. confident C. creative D. grateful
34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.
A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving
35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________.
A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。
Whenever we hear about “the homeless,”, most of us think of the Developing World. But the 36 is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country
like Germany?
Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 38 for the homeless of Berlin, Germany’s capital. They first 39 one long hot summer when most Germans were 40 on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.
The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren’t 42 . “What these people also need is warmth and 43 ,” says Rita. The Mullers didn’t 44 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 46 to anyone who couldn’t face another night on the street.
The couple were soon 47 all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 48 donations. Today, over thirty companies 49 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 51 new shoes.
Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work. “ We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and parents shouldn’t 53 money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 54 . she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 55 in the world.
36. A. result B. truth C. reason D. idea
37. A. traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy
38. A. preparations B. houses C. meals D. suggestions
39. A. began B. met C. called D. left
40. A. asleep B. alone C. across D. away
41. A. brought up B. set up C. put aside D. gave away
42. A. enough B. necessary C. helpful D. expensive
43. A. fame B. freedom C. courage D. caring
44. A. hesitate B. agree C. pretend D. intend
45. A. make sense B. found out C. make sure D. worked out
46. A. open B. crowded C. noisy D. near
47. A. costing B. wasting C. taking D. spending
48. A. pay for B. ask for C. look into D. carry out
49. A. completely B. calmly C. regularly D. roughly
50. A. advertise B. sell C. deliver D. lend
51. A. donates B. produces C. designs D. collects
52. A. permission B. payment C. direction D. support
53. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. expect
54. A. surprised B. excited C. tired D. amused
55. A. profit B. difference C. decision D. rule
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分 40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru,
far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru’s real troubles began in 19 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon
people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
56. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To seek help for Nauru’s problems.
B. To give a warning to other countries
C. To show the importance of money
D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?
A. Rich and powerful B. Modern and open
C. Peaceful and attractive D. Greedy and aggressive
58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______.
A. soil pollution B. phosphate overmining
C. farming activity D. whale hunting
59. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru’s financial problem?
A. Its leaders misused the money B. It spent too much repairing the island
C. Its phosphate mining cost much money D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?
A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B. The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously.
C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans
D. The phosphate mines were destroyed
B
One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and
quotations (引文)showing how it was used.
This was a huge task.,so Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,”” 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 17， Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum（精神病院） for the Criminally insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands
of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _________.
A. came out before minor died
B. was edited by an American volunteer
C. included the English words invented by Murray
D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary
62. How did Dr. Minor contributed to the dictionary?
A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.
B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.
C. He provided a great number of words and quotations
D. he went to England to work with Murray.
63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?
A. He was shut in an asylum B. He lived far from Oxford
C. He was busy writing a book D. He disliked traveling
. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because __________.
A. they both served in the Civil War.
B. They had a common interest in words
C. Minor recovered with the help of Murray
D. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor
65. Which of the following best describe Dr. Minor?
A. Brave and determined B. Cautious and friendly
C. Considerate and optimistic D. Unusual and scholarly
66. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The history of the English language.
B. The friendship between Murray and Minor
C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary
D. Broadmoor Asylum and is patients
C
San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day’s coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere named the bridge “Nutty Narrows.”
After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started Construction, They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose(消防水带). It cost 1,000.
It didn’t take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became know in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to ________.
A. offer squirrels a place to eat nuts
B. set up a local landmark
C. help improve traffic
D. protect squirrels
68. What happened over the coffee break discussion?
A. The committee got the Council’s blessing.
B. The squirrel bridge idea was born
C. A councilwoman named the bridge
D. A squirrel was found dead.
69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably means in the text?
A. passing them a rope B. Directing them to store food for winter
C. Teaching them a lesson D. Showing them how to use the bridge.
70. Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?
A. It was replaced by a longer one. B. It was built from wood and metal
C. it was rebuilt after years of use D. It was designed by Bill Hutch.
71. What can we learn about Amos Peters?
A. He is remembered for his love of animals.
B. He donated $1,000 to build the bridge
C. He was a member of the City Council
D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.
D
For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).
Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?
A. The machine will be a big success.
B. their wives like doing the laundry.
C. The machine is unrelated to their life.
D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.
73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines?
A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing
B. They can be controlled with a smartphone
C. They are difficult to operate
D. They are sold at a low price
74. We can conclude form Samsung’s statements that ___________.
A. the app connection makes life easier
B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C. smartphone can shorten the drying time
D. we should refresh clothes back at home
75. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The laundry should be frequently checked
B. Lazy people like using such machines
C. Good technologies also cause problems
D. Television may help do the laundry.
第II卷（共45分）
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 阅读表达（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答案卡相应的位置上（请注意76至79四个小题后面的词数要求）。
[1] Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later,
the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section
called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too！“
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when _______, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”
76. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead?(no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
77. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ （no more than 6 words）
________________________________________________________________________________________
78. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down?(no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
79. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?(no more than 5 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
80. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 写作（满分30分）
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：
1. 参加英语角的益处；
2. 坚持写英语日记的作用；
3. 英文阅读网站（EnjoyReading）对你的帮助。
注意：1. 词数：120-150；
2. 可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
英语试题参
第I卷
第一、二、三部分
1-5 CABCA 6-10 CBBCC 11-15 ABBAC 16-20 BAACA 26-30 AACBD
31-35 CBADB 36-40 BDCAD 41-45 BADAC 46-50 ADBCC 56-60 BCBAA
61-65 DCABD 66-70 CDBDC 71-75 ADBAC
第II卷
第四部分
参
76. She wanted to create an interesting website for teenagers. 77. Ashley’s GooseHead was a big success.
78. She wrote a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life.
21-25 ADCDB 51-55 ABDCB
79. She felt happy but stressed.
80. People tell you that you can’t do it.
第二节 写作
My experience of learning English after class
I'm glad i have won the first prize in the English Contest, which completely contributes to my after-class English learning.
I often take part in the English Corner and practice speaking English. There are many participants in the corner and we can talk about any topics in English. By doing this, I have improved my pronunciation and intonation. Most important of all, I have conquered my shyness and timidness. I can talk to anybody boldly in English. So I didn't feel nervous in the contest at all.
At the same time I insist on keeping diaries in English every day. I will try my best to bring what I have learnt to use. Thus my knowledge has been reviewed and enlarged.
I also visit English reading websites to read much. Learning English depends on reading widely and largely. Those sites provide many English articles of all levels and I can find appropriate ones to read. The dictionary in the computer can help me deal with the new vocabulary quickly. Therefore I benefit much from the
reading.
Above are my three main learning methods of learning English after class. They are helpful and convenient to me. I hope they are also beneficial for you
作文素材
1.没有竞争，就没有生存，也就没有发展。有竞争才有压力和动力。竞争能让人奋起直追，不断超越自我。
羚羊的故事
一位动物学家在对生活在非洲奥兰治河两岸的动物进行考察时，发现一个奇怪的现象：生活在河东岸的羚羊与河西岸的羚羊相比，不仅繁殖能力强，而且奔跑的能力也强。这位动物学家百思不得其解。于是，他做了一项试验：从河的两岸各捉10只羚羊，彼此交换。一年后，送到西岸的羚羊繁殖到了14只，而送到东岸的羚羊仅剩下3只，其余的都成了狼的囊中物。
动物学家揭开了谜底：东岸的羚羊之所以强健，是因为它们附近生活着一群狼。它们为了活命，必须同狼进行“竞争”，因此，它们越活越有战斗力;而西岸的羚羊则相反，它们缺少天敌，没有生存能力，所以越活越弱小。
2.虎与豹子之间的竞争是一种“丛林法则”。在竞争的作用下，美洲虎的非凡生命力、生存能力被激发，提高了自己生命力。生存的竞争是提升能力的主要外在条件，竞争与压力是动物进化的基础。由于动物发展具有相对被动的特征，生存环境的竞争与压力往往是促进其发展的关键因素。
竞争提高生命力
美洲虎是一种濒临灭绝的动物，有一对美洲虎生活在秘鲁的国家动物园。为了保护它，
人们从大自然中单独规划出1500亩山地修了虎园，里面有山有水，房间里还装有空调，还有成群的牛羊兔供老虎食用，真是虎的天堂。奇怪的是，没有人见过老虎捕捉猎物，它只吃管理员送来的肉食，它经常躺在装有空调的房子里，吃了睡，睡了吃，身体发胖，经常生病。后来一位市民说：“虎是森林之王，不能只放一群吃草的小动物，至少也得放一只豹子吧?”虎园领导觉得很有道理，就捉了三只豹子投进虎园。这一招果然灵验，豹子不仅跟美洲虎争抢食物，而且还经常威胁到美洲虎的安全，美洲虎不再睡懒觉，时不时冲到豹子面前放肆地挑衅，没多久美洲虎就恢复了活力，恢复了健康，还让雌虎生下一只小虎崽。
3.要想成就一番大的事业，就要具备“永远争做第一”的竞争意识。这样才能更好地激发自己斗志，攀上事业的顶峰。
撒切尔夫人，永远争做第一
20世纪30年代，英国一个不出名的小镇上，有一个叫玛格丽特的小姑娘，自小就受到严格的家庭教育。父亲对她的教育很严格，经常向她灌输这样的观点：无论做什么事情都要力争一流，永远做在别人前面，而不落后于人。即使是坐公共汽车，也要永远坐在第一排。父亲从来不允许她说“我不能”或“太难了”之类的话。父亲的“残酷”教育培养了玛格丽特积极向上的决心和信心。在以后的学习、生活和工作中，她时时牢记父亲的教导，总是抱着一往无前的精神和必胜的信念，尽自己最大努力克服一切困难，事事必争一流，以自己的行动实践着“永远坐在第一排”。
玛格丽特上大学时，学校要求学生们上5年的拉丁文课程，她凭着自己顽强的毅力和拼搏精神，硬是在一年内全部学完了。玛格丽特不光在学业上出类拔萃，她在体育、音乐、演讲及学校的其他活动方面也都一直走在前列，是学生中的佼佼者之一。 40年后，英国乃至整个欧洲政坛上出现了一颗耀眼的明星，她就是1979年成为英国第一位女首相、雄
踞政坛长达11年之久、被世界政坛誉为“铁娘子”的玛格丽特?撒切尔夫人。
4.只有不断的竞争，才会有生机和活力，才能不断地克服困难，一直向前。
可乐的百年恩怨
百事可乐与可口可乐都盯死了对方，只要对方一有新动作，另一方肯定也会有新花样。可口可乐早在20世纪20年代便在古巴用飞机在空中喷出烟雾，画出“COCA-COLA”字样，可惜因为缺少经验而失败，百事可乐在1940年更是一下租了8架飞机，飞了14.5万公里，在东西两海岸城市，以机尾喷雾，写下百事可乐的广告。可口可乐当然要及时反击，为强化国民第一饮料的形象，可口可乐赞助了1939年的纽约世界博览会，并请名人啜饮，将其照片刊在杂志封面。但相比之下，百事可乐的宣传广告方式更有创意。他们专门设计了一套卡通片，而且还创作了一首看似极普通却风靡全美的广告歌曲。两大巨头在竞争中可谓不遗余力，使出浑身解数来击败对手，但结果却是二者都有了长足的发展。
5.接受对手的存在并善待竞争对手，能够促进自身的发展。
双方都是赢家
“神州”和“万家乐”是旗鼓相当的两家大型热水器生产厂家。“神州”的广告语为“款款神州，万家追求”，而“万家乐”的广告语为“万家乐崛起于神州”。他们各自的广告语中都包含了对方的产品品牌。这样双方都能扬名获利。你把客户送到我这里，我把客户送到你那里。两种热水器迅速走进千家万户，为两家企业带来丰厚利润。他们在竞争中合作，实现了双赢。
6.竞争中需要合作。竞争本身并不是目的，而是达到更高目标的手段。在竞争中合作应体现“双赢”原则。竞争对手不能相互排斥，造成两败败俱伤，而要相互促进、共同提高。
情同手足的竞争对手
刘国粱和孔令辉，既是实力相当，又是的合作伙伴。他们师从同门，同时披上国字号战袍。在那个鲜花遍开的五月，“六载朝思暮想，一夜春华秋实”，喜捧斯韦思林杯(男子团体冠军杯)后，两个要好的朋友又一起打进男子单打决赛。可是，当男子单打冠军杯真的摆在面前时，这对好朋友突然意识到结局的残酷：自己的胜利就意味着好友的失败。可贵的是，在赛场上，他们完全展示出自己的智慧和才艺。刘国梁以奇制胜，孔令辉稳中带凶，激烈的比赛战至决胜局。最终，左右开弓的孔令辉成为男单新科状元。没有想像中的欣喜若狂，我们看到的是异常平静的孔令辉，还有他脸上那甚至有些不好意思的笑容。刘国梁的脸上曾掠过一丝失望，但毕竟是自己最好的朋友夺得了冠军，他的祝贺是发自心底的。这场比赛让两个好朋友懂得了怎样面对竞争与合作。在后来的比赛中，他们又携手夺得男子双打冠军。
7. 福特向通用百年祝福的那束灯光，穿透重重的黑暗，组成商业竞争中最温馨的一幅画面，温暖且温情。事实上，它更应成为一种文化和精神的源泉，为那些有长远目标的企业吸纳和传承。
从福特“—束灯光”看企业竞争温情
2008年9月16日，“通用汽车百年庆典日庆祝活动”在通用汽车全球总部——底特律文艺复兴中心正式启动。让人讶异的是，同属“百年俱乐部”的福特汽车，也为它的老
朋友带去了一份特殊的祝福：利用福特的办公大楼以及楼内的灯光，打造出了“HAPPY 100 GM”的字样。这份特殊的祝福，让我们看到了百年福特的恢宏气度，也让我们看到了良性竞争的温情。
通用和福特是一对相互竞争也相互尊敬的对手。在通用公司开始起步的时候，早其5年成立的福特公司于1908年研发生产出第一辆属于普通老百姓的T型车。而通用也不甘落后，于1928年一举超越福特。一百年来，这两个公司互相竞争、互相借鉴的过程，有力推动了世界汽车工业的发展，同时也为人类文明和国际经济的发展做出了突出的贡献。
8.自然界具有它自己的弱肉强食的规律，竞争的市场也有其残酷的竞争规律。我们要顺应规律，学会在竞争中发展自我。
雏鹰的竞争
每年春季，鹰都会产卵育子，一般一次生两个蛋。雏鹰从破壳而出就开始了竞争，只要爸爸妈妈带回食物，它们立刻张开嘴巴，大声地叫唤，希望将食物塞进自己的嘴里，而每次大鹰都会给头仰得最高、叫声最大的孩子喂食。但是，每次都是体格健壮、身体素质好的幼鹰吃到食物，因为它的头仰得更高。没几天，那只弱一点的幼鹰就会活活饿死。这就是大自然优胜劣汰的法则。
9.竞争力的提高在于、企业的共同努力，在于提高科技、知识的含量和资金的有效利用率。
法国：打造“竞争力集群”
为了增强创新能力、将科技成果更有效地转化为生产力，从2005年起，法国斥资15亿欧元在各地扶持了60多个不同产业的科技园区，也称“竞争力集群”。如今，这种企业+实验室的模式，正在得到越来越多人的认可，它不但提高了科技转化的效率，节省了资金，还使得企业自主创新的热情空前高涨。法国的“竞争力集群”由多个层次组成，既包括实力雄厚的企业，也有中小创新型企业、大学和科研机构，各合作伙伴组成常务理事会，负责园区的管理工作，并代为向申请资金，统一调配资金的使用。
10.没有竞争，就没有生存，也就没有发展。其实人生到处都存在着竞争，球场、赛场、战场、考场等。有竞争才有压力和动力。竞争能让人奋起直追，不断超越自我。
狼与羊的竞争
一位动物学家在对生活在非洲奥兰治河两岸的动物进行考察时，发现一个奇怪的现象：生活在河东岸的羚羊与河西岸的羚羊相比，不仅繁殖能力强，而且奔跑的能力也强。这位动物学家百思不得其解。于是，他做了一项试验：从河的两岸各捉10只羚羊，彼此交换。一年后，送到西岸的羚羊繁殖到了14只，而送到东岸的羚羊仅剩下3只，其余的都成了狼的囊中物。
动物学家揭开了谜底：东岸的羚羊之所以强健，是因为它们附近生活着一群狼。它们为了活命，必须同狼进行“竞争”，因此，它们越活越有战斗力;而西岸的羚羊则相反，它们缺少天敌，没有生存能力，所以越活越弱小。
11.有人说：“哈佛，竞争残酷的大学。” 这所高等商业学府不仅淘汰制度异常残酷，而且连学习节奏也是很折磨人的。
哈佛大学的竞争
在哈佛大学，对高级管理人才的培养可谓精心之至。这所高等商业学府不仅淘汰制度异常残酷，而且连学习节奏也是很折磨人的。如果一位才能平庸的人进入了这所学府，同那些才华横溢、刻苦顽强的人在一起学习，他就会感到力不从心。为了适应这里的学习节奏，所有的人都必须以优异的成绩毕业于这所著名的私立大学(这所大学的教育水平通常比国立学院要高得多)，不惜任何代价在所有方面任何地方都争当第一名，“在运动中当第一，在学习上争第一，在社会政治生活中成为第一”，这就是哈佛大学的口号，只有第一名才无愧于生活，才有资格享受美好的生活。难怪有人说：“哈佛，竞争残酷的大学。”
12.帮助别人就是帮助自己。竞争也要遵守游戏规则，竞争也要考虑社会效益，唯有如此，竞争才更具意义。
哈默的竞争原则
某一年世界原油价格大涨，哈默的对手对东欧国家的石油输出量都略有增加，唯独哈默石油输出量明显减少，这让许多人非常不解。黑人记者杰西克?库思千方百计找到了哈默，就这个问题请教他。哈默说了一段让他终生难忘的话：“关照别人就是关照自己。那些总想在竞争中出人头地的人如果知道，关照别人需要的只是一点点的理解和大度，却能赢来意想不到的收获，那他一定会后悔不迭。关照是一种最有力量的方式，也是一条最好的路。”
13. “如果没有伯勒尔，没有他的9秒90，我也许不能跑得这样快，正是他激励了我。”美国短跑名将卡尔?刘易斯如是说。
拥抱对手
美国短跑名将卡尔?刘易斯，在第三届世界田径锦标赛上，创下了9秒88的世界男子百米新纪录。当观众高呼刘易斯的名字，为他兴奋得发狂时，他却噙着眼泪与他的对手伯勒尔拥抱在一起。他对记者说：“如果没有伯勒尔，没有他的9秒90，我也许不能跑得这样快，正是他激励了我。”
11.有人说：“哈佛，竞争残酷的大学。” 这所高等商业学府不仅淘汰制度异常残酷，而且连学习节奏也是很折磨人的。
哈佛大学的竞争
在哈佛大学，对高级管理人才的培养可谓精心之至。这所高等商业学府不仅淘汰制度异常残酷，而且连学习节奏也是很折磨人的。如果一位才能平庸的人进入了这所学府，同那些才华横溢、刻苦顽强的人在一起学习，他就会感到力不从心。为了适应这里的学习节奏，所有的人都必须以优异的成绩毕业于这所著名的私立大学(这所大学的教育水平通常比国立学院要高得多)，不惜任何代价在所有方面任何地方都争当第一名，“在运动中当第一，在学习上争第一，在社会政治生活中成为第一”，这就是哈佛大学的口号，只有第一名才无愧于生活，才有资格享受美好的生活。难怪有人说：“哈佛，竞争残酷的大学。”
12.帮助别人就是帮助自己。竞争也要遵守游戏规则，竞争也要考虑社会效益，唯有如此，竞争才更具意义。
哈默的竞争原则
某一年世界原油价格大涨，哈默的对手对东欧国家的石油输出量都略有增加，唯独哈默石油输出量明显减少，这让许多人非常不解。黑人记者杰西克?库思千方百计找到了哈默，
就这个问题请教他。哈默说了一段让他终生难忘的话：“关照别人就是关照自己。那些总想在竞争中出人头地的人如果知道，关照别人需要的只是一点点的理解和大度，却能赢来意想不到的收获，那他一定会后悔不迭。关照是一种最有力量的方式，也是一条最好的路。”
13. “如果没有伯勒尔，没有他的9秒90，我也许不能跑得这样快，正是他激励了我。”美国短跑名将卡尔?刘易斯如是说。
拥抱对手
美国短跑名将卡尔?刘易斯，在第三届世界田径锦标赛上，创下了9秒88的世界男子百米新纪录。当观众高呼刘易斯的名字，为他兴奋得发狂时，他却噙着眼泪与他的对手伯勒尔拥抱在一起。他对记者说：“如果没有伯勒尔，没有他的9秒90，我也许不能跑得这样快，正是他激励了我。”
从高考高校的“不良性”竞争
大楼不是大学的名片，高分生源也并非高校竞争力的核心。高水平的竞争呼唤高质量的标准、有境界的追求
日前，教育部发出通知，要求今年普通高校招生录取严格执行，再次明确不得在录取工作结束前，以“签订预录取协议”“新生高额奖学金”“入校后重新选择专业”等方式恶性抢夺生源。随着各省市逐步进入高考录取招生阶段，划定这些“规矩”红线，向恶性竞争说不，对于确保录取的公平与秩序，很有必要。
每逢高考季，高校之间的比拼与较量，常常成为社会话题。某种意义上，高等教育的
发展，大学的进步，本身就是竞争的结果。尤其是，高考之后吸引优质生源，让天下英才尽可能“入吾彀中”，增强社会影响力和美誉度，这些现实的利益驱动，让很多高校难以淡定。一个“争”字，也就明里暗里地在象牙塔下书写开来。
然而，近期发生的一些高校之间的“争端”，却让人觉出一种异样的味道。有争好生源的——为了招到“状元”，北大、清华的四川招生组不惜在微博上掐架、揭短，引得众人一边“围观”一边叹息。有争好名头的——为了“川医”之称，泸州医学院和四川大学闹得不可开交;为了“南大”之名，南京大学和南昌大学互不相让。“别把正剧搞成闹剧”“伤了和气，失了身份”……从网友的评论中，不难看出人们对这些变味的高校之争的态度。高校竞争，如何才能步入良性轨道?
公平的竞争，规则与底线是生命。近年来，一些名校在招生中进行“掐尖战”，各地的高考“状元”更是炙手可热。为了把优质生源抢到手，一些高校只顾目的不顾手段，或让考生“先上车后买票”，或以重金吸引，或许以优厚条件，或派专车直接上门“抢人”，这些做法违背了招录，也突破了录取公平的底线，导致种种招生乱象。没有规则的竞争之下，最终谁也不是赢家。今年年初，教育部针对往年招生的问题，颁布了“26条禁令”;这回重申禁令，接下来关键是有令必行、有禁必止，对违规行为零容忍、敢于动真格，杜绝破窗效应，才能做到录取“零点招”、计划“零突破”，在有序中实现公平的竞争。
高水平的竞争，呼唤高质量的标准，有境界的追求。不管是争考高分的状元，还是争一个响亮的简称，这些努力不能说毫无价值，但如果以“大学之道”的视野、立德树人的胸怀来瞭望，很多的“争”则过于功利、过于浮躁，与大学精神格格不入。梅贻琦先生说：“所谓大学者，非谓有大楼之谓也，有大师之谓也。”现在，高校的评价体系也在走向多元化，好比大楼不是大学的名片，高分生源也并非高校竞争力的核心。招了一堆状元、抢了一个好名称，这些只是“面子”，高校的竞争力还得看“里子”厚不厚：从师资队伍到教学
水平，从校园文化到创新活力，以及无可替代、不可复制的办学风格。
“世界上不会有第二个哈佛、牛津、斯坦福、麻省理工、剑桥，但会有第一个北大、清华、浙大、复旦、南大等中国著名学府”，经过岁月的汰洗、竞争的挑选，那些卓然而立的名校，从不会迷失自己、丢失特色，而是沉着地做精神的坚守者，勇毅地做思想的开拓者。不尚名利，但求真理，唯有高扬这样的价值取向，高校的发展生态才会得到净化，良性竞争的土壤才能广泛生长。
有这样一个段子。“北大距离世界名校有多远?”“出东门左转直行200米即是。”“清华距离世界名校有多远?”答案则是“出西门左转直行200米”。虽然不无调侃意味，但互为隔壁邻居的北大、清华，其竞争关系可见一斑。实际上，在同一所城市或相距不远的名校，或者实力相当的名校，难免会有“瑜亮情结”，会有争强好胜的心理，这种“同城德比”现象，国外也普遍存在，如哈佛与耶鲁、牛津与剑桥。有道是“文无第一，武无第二”，高校之间的竞争故事还将演绎下去。其精彩与否，可以借用北大、清华校园里流传甚广的两个“名句”来观察——一曰兼容并包，二曰厚德载物。(塔元培)
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