新概念英语第一册笔记

[词汇](11)

excuse me yes is this your handbag pardon it thank you very much

★Excuse me. 1、引起对方注意时

2、常用于与陌生人搭话，打断别人的说话或从别人身边挤过，或在某个聚会中突然中途要离开一会儿时

Excuse us for a moment. 对不起，让我们单独聊会。 sorry 对不起，用于对别人有伤害时

★me pron. 我（宾格） 人称代词：

主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 v. 原谅

pron. 我（宾格） adv. 是的

v. be动词现在时第三人称单数 pron. 这

possessive adjective 你的，你们的 n.（女用）手提包 int. 原谅，请再说一遍 pron. 它 感谢你（们） 非常地

I he she it you 主格：用在句首，作主语 宾格：在动词、介词之后

me him her it you my his her its your mine his hers its yours 形容词性的物主代词：不能单独使用 名词性物主代词：只能单独使用

★is v. be动词现在时第三人称单数 be动词：am、is、are I am

she/ he/ it is you/ we/ they are

★pardon int. 原谅，请再说一遍

Pardon?/ I beg your pardon. 请求对方把刚才讲过的话重复一遍。 [语法]

含有be动词的陈述句、否定句和一般疑问句

含有be动词的任何句子,否定句就是在be动词后面加not；如果变一般疑问句，就把be动词提前到句子的前面。

[课文]

Excuse me. Yes?

Is this your handbag? Pardon?

Is this your handbag? Yes, it is.

Thank you very much.

Lesson 2 Is this your…?

[词汇](10)

pen pencil book watch coat dress skirt shirt car house

★dress ① n. 连衣裙；套裙 ② n. 服装，衣服

casual ['kæʒjuəl]dress 便服 adj. 偶然的,随便的,非正式,漫不经心的 evening dress 晚礼服 ★house n.房子

house 房子，一般指的院落，更具体的指房子的建筑，结构 family 侧重家庭的成员

There are four people in my family. 在我家里有四口人。 home 抽象的家的概念

n.钢笔 n.铅笔 n.书 n.手表 n.上衣，外衣 n.连衣裙 n.裙子 n.衬衣 n.小汽车 n.房子

home road 《我的父亲母亲》

Lesson 3 Sorry, sir.

[词汇](10)

umbrella please here my ticket number five sorry sir cloakroom

★here adv.这里

地点副词：（在英语中，时间副词、地点副词的前面不能加介词） here 这里

there 那儿 abroad 国外 upstairs 楼上

home 家（副词，名词） downstairs 楼底下 downtown 市中心

★five num.五

one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten

★sir n.先生

① 对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称 What can I do for you, sir? 先生，您要买什么？ ② sir通常用于正式信函开头的称呼： Dear Sir

③ Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名前，但不用于姓氏前。

madam：女士，夫人 Mr.：先生

Mrs.：夫人（已婚的）

Miss：小姐，一般用于指末婚女子，不过在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用（两种发音：[mis] 已婚未婚均可；[miz]即不愿意被称为已婚，又不愿意被称为未婚）

mister：加在男性的姓氏前面

gentleman 绅士，对男性比较有礼貌的称呼，在公众场合最得体的称呼 lady 女士

n.伞 int.请 adv.这里

possessive adjective 我的 n.票 n.号码 num.五 adj.对不起的 n.先生 n.衣帽存放处

ladies and gentlemen Lady first.

guy 在美国英语中对男性一种不正式的称呼，家伙 boy 在美语中不正式的称呼 girl 女孩

male 男性 [语法]

祈使句：

祈使句：主语通常不直接表示出来，其谓语动词用原型，也叫无主句。表示命令、请求、建议、叮嘱等。祈使句真正的主语是你，但省略了。

My umbrella and my coat please. 省略了动词和间接宾语的祈使句。 Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地！ Help yourself! 请自己动手！

某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词，而不是后跟带to的动词不定式结构。 Come and see this goldfish.

Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes. 去给自己买双新鞋吧。 Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。 倒装句：

here is 是简单的倒装句，be 动词放在 here 的后面，这个句式就可以成为简单的倒装句式。 My ticket is here. 我的票在这。 Here is my ticket. / Here's my ticket. [课文]

My coat and my umbrella please. Here is my ticket. Thank you, sir. Number five.

Here's your umbrella and your coat. This is not my umbrella. Sorry, sir.

Is this your umbrella? No, it isn't. Is this it? Yes, it is.

Thank you very much.

female['fi:meil] 女性 雌性的

man 男人 woman 妇女

Lesson 4 Is this your…?

[词汇](5)

suit n.一套衣服 school n.学校 teacher n.老师 son n.儿子 daughter n.女儿

Lesson 5 Nice to meet you.

[词汇](14)

Mr. 先生 good adj.好 morning n.早晨 Miss 小姐 new adj.新的 student n.学生 French adj.&n.法国人 German adj.&n.德国人 nice adj.美好的 meet v.遇见 Japanese adj.&n.日本人 Korean adj.&n.韩国人 Chinese adj&n.中国人 too adv.也

★nice adj.美好的 ① adj. 美好的，好看的 It’s a nice day today, isn’t it? ② adj. 和蔼的，友好的 He is very nice to his neighbours. ③ adj. 使人高兴的，令人愉快的 It is so nice to have you here. [语法]

冠词：

冠词数量上表示“一个”。冠词一共有三个，分为不定冠词和定冠词。 1、a, an 是不定冠词：可数名词单数前面必须要用不定冠词

a 用在以辅音音素开头的名词前面， an 用于以元音音素（元音发音的单词）开头的名词前面a pen an apple

an umbrella

an egg

an hour

a university

2、the 是定冠词，表示特指，有两种发音：[

]、[

]，以元音发音开头的单词前面读[

]。

当想使听话者特别注意the后面的名词时，the就读为[要是这一个”。

定冠词的用法：

]，意思是“这一个而且只是这一个”或“主

① 特指名词（即以说话人或听话人已知的人或物为前提）时，用the There is an apple on the desk. The apple is mine.

Well, there is a girl in front of the classroom. The girl is my sister. ② 在专有特殊名词时，用the

the Great Wall，the Summer Palace，the Forbidden City（紫禁城），the sun ③ 在国家前不用冠词，特例国家除外 the United States of America [课文]

MR. BLAKE: Good morning.

STUDENTS: Good morning, Mr. Blake. MR. BLAKE: This is Miss Sophie Dupont.

Sophie is a new student. She is French. MR. BLAKE: Sophie, this is Hans. He is German. HANS: Nice to meet you.

MR. BLAKE: And this is Naoko. She's Japanese. NAOKO: Nice to meet you.

MR. BLAKE: And this is Chang-woo. He's Korean. CHANG-WOO: Nice to meet you.

MR. BLAKE: And this is Luming. He is Chinese. LUMNG: Nice to meet you.

MR. BLAKE: And this is Xiaohui. She's Chinese, too. XIAOHUI: Nice to meet you. [课文注释]

1、英语国家中的姓名通常由三部分组成：名+中间名+姓。一般不用中间姓，在熟人之间以名相称，正式场合用Mr.、Mrs.、Miss（小姐）或Ms.（女士）加姓相称。

2、Nice to meet you.

用于初次与同学、朋友见面等非正式的场合，一般回答Nice to meet you, too. 正式场合常用How do you do?回答也是How do you do?

Lesson 6 What make is it?

[词汇](13)

make Swedish English

n.（产品）牌号 adj.瑞典的 adj.英国的

American Italian Volvo [Peugeot Mercedes [Toyota Daewoo Mini Ford Fiat [

]

adj.美国的 adj.意大利的 n.沃尔沃（Swedish） n.标致（French）

] n.梅赛德斯（German） n.丰田（Japanese） n.大宇（Korean） n.迷你（English） n.福特（American）

] n.菲亚特（Italian）

★make n.（产品的）牌子；类型，型号；式样 What make is your watch?

Her dress is of Italian make. 她的连衣裙是意大利式的

★English adj. 英国（人）的；英格兰（人）的；英国化的 John is very English. 约翰生活行事非常英国化。 [语法]

选择疑问句：

选择疑问句：在两者或三者中进行选择，用特殊颖问词or进行连接。选择疑问句词调一般是前升后降，选择疑问句的回答必须要用完整的句子回答。

Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher? She isn't a Chinese teacher. She's a Japanese teacher.

Lesson 7 Are you a teacher?

[词汇]（10）

I am are name what nationality job keyboard operator engineer

★nationality n. 国籍 nation n. 国家

pron. 我

v. be动词现在时的第一人称单数 v. be动词现在时复数 n. 名字

adj.& pron. 什么 n. 国籍 n. 工作 n. 电脑键盘 n. 操作人员 n. 工程师

national adj. 国家的，民族的 nationality n. 国籍 person n. 人 personal adj. 个人的 personality n. 人品人格 ★job[

] n. 工作

① n. 职业，工作，有报酬的工作，既可以是体力的，也可以是脑力的 What is your job?

② n. （一件）工作，话计 The whole job takes about 40 minutes. ③ n. 职责

It’s your job to be on time. Task 指极其困难和棘手的工作 work [

★keyboard n. 电脑键盘 key [board [

★operator n. 操作人员

-or 字母组合，表示某种人 actor n. 男演员 [语法]

特殊疑问句：

特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

特殊疑问词：what、where 、who 、when、which、why 、whom、how、how many、how much、how long、how far、how often、how soon

what可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等： What make is it? 它是什么牌子？ What color is it? 它是什么颜色的？ What nationality…？ What time is it? What size is this skirt?

一般疑问句： Be动词+… Do/Does/Did+… Have/Has/Had+…

Can及情态动词（must、need、may…）

] n. 钥匙

] n. 木板

] n. 工作，广义的概念，泛指的劳动

working class 工人阶级

blackboard n. 黑板

1、所有一般疑问句必须要用升调来读 2、一般疑问句可以用简单的Yes/No来回答 3、所有一般疑问句用什么来问的就用什么来答 [课文]

ROBERT: I am a new student.

My name's Robert.

SOPHIE: Nice to meet you. My name's Sophie. ROBERT: Are you French? SOPHIE: Yes, I am.

Are you French, too?

ROBERT: No, I am not.

SOPHIE: What nationality are you? ROBERT: I'm Italian.

Are you a teacher?

SOPHIE: No, I'm not. ROBERT: What's your job? SOPHIE: I'm a keyboard operator. [课文注解]

1、Are you French, too?

too和either两个词都表示“也”的意思，too用于肯定句和疑问句中，either仅限用于否定句中。too和either一般放在句末，且前面通常用逗号隔开。

2、Wha nationality are you?

用于询问对方国藉，相当于Where are you from?或Where do you come from?

3、What’s your job?

询问对方从事何种职业也可以说：What do you do?

What's your job?

ROBERT: I'm an engineer.

Lesson 8 What's your job?

[词汇]（10）

policeman policewoman taxi driver air hostess postman nurse

[[[[[[

]

]

] ]

n. ] n.女

] n. 出租汽车司机 n. 空中小姐 n. 邮递员 n. 护士

mechanic hairdresser housewife milkman

★nurse [② v. 照料；照看

[[[[

] n. 护士

] ] ] ]

n. 机械师 n. 理发师 n. 家庭妇女 n. 送牛奶的人

① n. 护士；照料者

All her time goes into nursing her child. 她把全部时间都花于照看自己的孩子上了。 ③ v. 养护；培养

nurse a young tree 养护树苗

nurse an author of promise 培养有前途的作家

Lesson 9 How are you today?

[词汇]（9）

hello hi how today well fine thanks goodbye see

★how adv. 怎样

How about that? 怎么会这样？那一个怎么样？ How come?=Why? 为什么？

How goes it? = How is it going? 事情进展如何？

★fine adj. 美好的 ① 健康的；舒适的 ② 极好的，优秀的 a fine view 美好的景色 ③ 优雅的，雅致的

He is a man with fine manners. 他是一个举止优雅的男人。

★see v. 见 see 表示看见的结果

int. 喂（表示问候） int. 喂，嗨 adv. 怎样 adv. 今天 adj. 身体好 adj. 美好的 int. 谢谢 int. 再见 v. 见

look 表示看的动作

look at sth. look out of the window look into my eyes watch 观看移动的一些东西 watch TV [语法]

How …?的一些社交上的用法： 1、用于询问健康状况或一般生活情况：

How are you? /How have you been? 你一向可好？

2、How do you do ?是正式介绍中的一句套话，从不用来询问健康。 3、How经常用在询问目前状况的疑问句里： How’s life? 生活如何？ How are things? 情况怎样？ How’s work? 工作怎么样？

形容词的意义与作用：

1、形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等，说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。

2、许多形容词可用以回答What’s…like？这样的问题，并可根据上下文给出笼统或确切的信息。 What’s Tom like? He’s very fat.

3、英语中形容词作定语时一般置于名词之前。 [课文]

STEVEN: Hello, Helen. HELEN: Hi, Steven. STEVEN: How are you today?

HELEN: I'm very well, thank you. And you? STEVEN: I'm fine, thanks.

How is Tony? How's Emma?

Goodbye, Helen. Nice to see you. Goodbye.

HELEN: He's fine, thanks. STEVEN: She's very well, too, Helen. HELEN: Nice to see you, too, Steven.

Lesson 10 Look at…

[词汇]（13）

fat woman thin tall

adj. 胖的 n. 女人 adj. 瘦的 adj. 高的

short dirty clean hot cold old young busy lazy ★look

① 看，瞧，观，望

adj. 矮的 adj. 脏的 adj. 干净的 adj. 热的 adj. 冷的 adj. 老的 adj. 年轻的 adj. 忙的 adj. 懒的

Look carefully before you cross the street. 过马路前要仔细看清来往车辆。 ②面向，朝向

The room looks on the sea. 房间面向大海。 Two windows look to the south. 两扇窗子朝南。

Lesson 11 Is this your shirt?

[词汇]（5）

whose blue perhaps white catch

★whose pron. 谁的

whose（特殊疑问词）：用于询问所有关系。对形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、名词所有格的两种情况（形容词性和名词性）进行提问。

★blue adj. 蓝色的 ① 蓝色的，蔚蓝的 ② 沮丧的，忧郁的

His mood is blue. 他的情绪低落。 He looks a bit blue. 他看上去有点儿忧郁。

★catch v. 抓住 ① v. 接住，拦住

② v. 逮住，捕获 catch a thief ③ v. 染上（疾病）

pron. 谁的 adj. 蓝色的 adv. 大概 adj. 白色的 v. 抓住

I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 [语法]

所有格形容词和所有格代词：

所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有，即某人或某物属于某一个人，回答以whose引导的问句。所有格形容词my、your等是限定词，必须始终放在名词之前，只能作定语，它们的形式取决于所有者，而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词mine、yours等不能用在名词前，并且在说话时要加重语气，它们指人或物，单数或复数都一样，在句中作主语、宾语、表语用。

I have my way, and she has hers.

名词所有格：

名词所有格与名词有关（与所有格形容词和所有格代词有关），名词+’s：表示……的，如：Tim's、Jones'、boss's。

名词所有格有两种属性：形容词性、名词性 This is Tim's shirt. （形容词性） This shirt is Tim's. （名词性） [课文]

TEACHER: Whose shirt is that?

Is this your shirt, Dave? This is my shirt. My shirt's blue.

DAVE: No. Sir. It's not my shirt. TEACHER: Is this shirt Tim's?

DAVE: Perhaps it is, sir. Tim's shirt's white. TEACHER: Tim! TIM: Yes, sir?

TEACHER: Is this your shirt? TIM: Yes, sir.

TEACHER: Here you are. Catch! TIM: Thank you, sir.

[课文注解]

Here you are. 给你

这是给对方东西时的用语，也可用Here it is.或Here they are.（指复数的物）。句中的are和is一般应重读。

Lesson 12 Whose is this…? This is my/your/his/her…

Whose is that…? That is my/your/his/her…

[词汇]（8）

father mother blouse sister tie brother his her

n. 父亲 n. 母亲 n. 女衬衫 n. 姐，妹 n. 领带 n. 兄，弟

possessive adjective. 他的 possessive adjective. 她的

Lesson 13 A new dress

[词汇]（8）

colour green come upstairs smart hat same lovely

★colour n. 颜色=color（美） what colour is…?

What make is …? 什么车牌？

★come v. 来

come on：快点来；拜托，得了吧；过来

Come on. I’m not 18 years old again. 拜托，得了吧。 go：去，加油

★smart adj. 时髦的，巧妙的 ① 漂亮的，时髦的，巧妙的 You look smart in that new dress. ② 聪明的，伶俐的，精明的 He is a smart businessman.

n. 颜色=color（美） adj. 绿色 v. 来 adj. 楼上

adj. 时髦的，巧妙的 n. 帽子 adj. 相同的 adj. 可爱的

[课文]

LOUISE: What colour's your new dress? ANNA: It's green.

Come upstairs and see it.

LOUISE: Thank you. ANNA: Look! Here it is! LOUISE: That's a nice dress. It's very smart. ANNA: My hat's new, too. LOUISE: What colour is it? ANNA: It's the same colour. It's green, too. LOUISE: That is a lovely hat! [课文注释]

It’s the same colour. 一样的颜色。

same通常与定冠词the连用，表示“同一的”、“相同的” two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男孩子

Lesson 14 What colour's your…?

[词汇]（3）

case carpet dog

n. 箱子 n. 地毯 n. 狗

Lesson 15 Your passport, please.

[词汇]（9）

customs officer girl Danish friend Norwegian passport brown tourist [

★customs n. 海关

customs，Customs n. [复]海关；征收关税的程序

n. 海关 n. n. 女孩，姑娘 adj.& n. 丹麦人 n. 朋友 adj.& n. 挪威人 n. 护照 adj. 棕色的 ] n. 旅游者

The spy was stopped at the Customs and questioned. 那个间谍在海关被截住并被加以盘问。 custom n. 风俗，习惯

When risiting a foreign country, we might find the country’s customs strange to us. It is his custom to go for a walk in the evening.

★friend n. 朋友 friend：朋友（正式） pal：好友，伙伴（随意） buddy：伙伴，朋友（随意） friendship：友谊

A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交才是真朋友。

★tourist n. 旅游者 tour n. 观光，旅游 tour guide 导游 travel n. 旅行（泛指） traveler n. 旅行者 trip v.&n. 旅行（短途） [语法]

名词： 名词有五种：

1、普通名词（可数名词）：a pen、a book 2、物质名词（不可数名词）：water、milk

3、专有名词：Mt. Tai（泰山）、the Great Wall（长城）、Summer Palace（颐和园） 4、集体名词：police、people、family 5、抽象名词：beauty、wisdom

可数名词单数变复数的规则： 1、普通的名词后边直接加 s a book/ two books 加 -s 后的读音 [] [] [baby -> babies

3、以 -ch -sh -x -s -z 结尾的单词要加 -es 读音为[4、以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词要变为 ves knife -> knives

wife -> wives

zoo -> zoos

5、辅音字母加 o 结尾的单词要加 es potato -> potatoes

元音字母加 o 结尾的单词要加 s

6、英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的

]

]

2、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词要把 y 变 i 加 es

man——men [课文]

swoman——women policwwman——policwomen

milkman——milkmen

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are you Swedish?

GIRLS: No, we are not. We are Danish. CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are your friends Danish, too? GIRLS: No, they aren't. They are Norwegian. CUSTOMS OFFICER: Your passports, please. GIRLS: Here they are. CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are these your cases? GIRLS: No, they aren't.

Our cases are brown.

Here they are. CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are you tourists? GIRLS: Yes, we are.

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are your friends tourists too? GIRLS: Yes, they are. CUSTOMS OFFICER: That's fine.

GIRLS: Thank you very much.

Lesson 16 Are you…?

[词汇]（8）

Russian Dutch these red grey yellow black orange

★grey adj. 灰色的 ① 灰色的，偏灰的 ② 头发灰白的 Her hair is grey. ③ 面色苍白的

Tony looks grey and tired. 托尼面色苍白，显得疲惫。

adj.&n. 俄罗斯人 adj.&n. 荷兰人 pron. 这些（复数） adj. 红色的 adj. 灰色的 adj. 黄色的 adj.黑色的 adj. 橘黄色的

[语法]

名词复数-s或-es的发音规则：

① 如果名词词尾的发音是一个清辅音（[s]、[]、[如：books [buks]

suits[su:ts]

]除外）或元音，-s发[z]的音， ]、[

]，-s发 [iz]的音

② 如果名词词尾的发音是一个浊辅音（[z]、[]、[③ 如果名词词尾的发音是[s]、[z]、[]、[]、[

]除外），-s发[s]的音

Lesson 17 How do you do?

[词汇]（6）

employee hard-working sales reps man office assistant

★employee n. 雇员

一个动词后有 -ee，是被这个动作影响的人；一个动词后有 -er，是做出这个动作的人。 V+-ee 被……的人 V+er 发出……的人 employ v. 雇拥

I need to employ some people to help me do this work. employee n. 雇员 employer n. 雇主 employment n. 工作 -ment 名词后缀

train v. 训练 trainee n. 被训练的人 trainer n. 训练者

★hard-working adj. 勤奋的 hard adj&adv. 艰苦的，坚硬的，努力地 work n&v. 工作 hard-working adj. 勤奋的 Lucy is a hard-working employee. They are hard-working. hard-work n. 艰苦的工作 This is a hard-work. work hard 努力地工作

n. 雇员 adj. 勤奋的

推销员=sales representatives n. 男人 n. 办公室 n. 助手

★assistant n. 助手

office assistant 指办公室干杂务的工作人员 assist v. 援助 [课文]

MR. JACKSON: Come and meet our employees, Mr. Richards. MR. RICHARDS: Thank you, Mr. Jackson.

MR. JACKSON: This is Nicola Grey, and this is Claire Taylor. MR. RICHARDS: How do you do?

Those women are very hard-working.

What are their jobs? MR. JACKSON: They're keyboard operators.

This is Michael Baker, and this is Jeremy Short. They aren't very busy!

MR. RICHARDS: How do you do? What are their jobs? MR. JACKSON: They're sales reps. They're very lazy. MR. RICHARDS: Who is this young man? MR. JACKSON: This is Jim.

He's our office assistant.

Lesson 18 What are their jobs?

twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one/a hundred one/a thousand 百位和十位之间用and连接。 1万=10千

101：one hundred and one

15：one thousand five hundred and sixty four 9059：nine thousand and fifty nine

63,152：sixty three thousand one hundred and fifty two

331,278：three hundred and thirty one thousand two hundred and seventy eight

Lesson 19 Tired and thirty

[词汇]（9）

matter children tired boy

n. 事情

n. 孩子们 （child 的复数） adj. 累，疲乏 n. 男孩

thirsty Mum sit down right ice cream

★matter n. 事情 ① n. 事情，事件 It’s a private matter.

adj. 渴 n. 妈妈 坐下

adj. 好，可以

冰淇淋（有时可数，有时不可数）

He’s not very interested in financial matters. ② n. 麻烦事，困难

What's the matter? =Tell me what’s wrong? =What’s wrong? What’s the matter with+sb. What's the matter with the children? It doesn't matter. 没关系 It matters. 有关系

Does it matter? 有关系吗？可以吗？

★thirsty adj. 渴 ① adj. 渴的，口干的 ② adj. （工地等）干旱的 a dry and thirsty land 干旱的土地 ③ adj. 渴望的，渴求的（for / after） The students there are thirsty for knowledge. 那里的学生有强烈的求知欲。 [语法]

There be 句型

there be 句型：表示某处有某物 there is + 可数名词的单数/不可数名词

There is a pen, two books and a knife on the desk.

课桌上有一枝钢笔、两本书和一把小刀。（第一个并列名词是单数，所以用is） there are + 可数名词的复数形式

常见方位介词：in、on、over、under on：在…上面，接触物体表面 over：越过，垂直上方，不接触表面 in：在…里面，物体里面 to：往，向，表示去向方向

into：进入…里面，从外到里进入的过程 out of：在…外，从里面出来

across：横穿[在物体表面横穿]，从平面穿过

through：从里面（中间）穿过 under：在……下面 deside：在……旁边 near：在……附近 between：在……两者之间 among 在…中间（两者以上） over：从斜面穿过 介词用法：

1、 跟在be动词之后 2、 跟在一些不及物动词之后 [课文]

MOTHER:

What's the matter, children?

GIRL: We're tired … BOY: … and thirsty, Mum. MOTHER: Sit down here.

Are you all right now?

BOY: No, we aren't. MOTHER: Look!

There's an ice cream man. MOTHER: Two ice cream please.

GIRL: MOTHER:

Here you are, children. These ice creams are nice. Are you all right now?

CHILDREN: Thanks, Mum.

CHILDREN: Yes, we are, thank you!

Lesson 20 Look at them!

[词汇]（10）

big small open shut light heavy long shoe grandfather grandmother

adj. 大的 adj. 小的 adj. 开着的 adj. 关着的 adj. 轻的 adj. 重的 adj. 长的 n. 鞋子 n. 祖父 n. 祖母

Lesson 21 Which book?

[词汇]（3）

give one which [语法]

动词的双宾语：

buy me a book=buy a book for me Give me a book.=Give a book to me.

双宾语中通常物是直接宾语，人是间接宾语 [课文]

MAN:

Give me a book please, Jane.

WOMAN: Which book? This one? MAN: No, not that one. MAN:

The red one. Yes, please.

WOMAN: This one? WOMAN: Here you are. MAN: Thank you.

v. 给 pron. 一个 哪一个

Lesson 22 Give me/him/her/us/them a …

Which one?

[词汇]（14）

empty full large little sharp blunt box (boxes) glass (glasses) cup (cups) bottle (bottles) tin (tins) knife (knives) fork (forks) spoon (spoons)

adj. 空的 adj. 满的 adj. 大的 adj. 小的 adj. 尖的，锋利的 adj. 钝的 n. 盒子，箱子 n. 杯子 n. 茶杯 n. 瓶子 n. 罐头 n. 刀子 n. 叉子 n. 勺子

★large adj. 大的 ★big adj. 大的

large仅指物理量值的大，主要指体积、面积、形状、数量方面的大，修饰人时指个子大。small的反义词。

Look at that large woman in white.

big所表示的大，主要指不仅体积大而且很重，在修饰人时，主要指大人物，但个子未必高大。 She’s very big in the filmdom.

她在电影界中是个响当当的人物。（指不仅成功，而且具有很大的影响力）

★little adj. 小的 ★small adj. 小的

small指物理量值的小或少，是large的反义词，不带什么感情色彩。 I want the small one with the yellow handle.

little也表示小或少，但有小而可爱的感情色彩，是big的反义词。 She has the sweetest little smiles.

★glass n. 杯子 ① n. 玻璃杯或有脚的玻璃杯 ② n. 杯中物，酒

He has had a glass too much. 他多喝了一杯（喝醉了）。 I’d like to enjoy a glass now and then. 我喜欢不时喝点酒。

★cup n. 杯子

① n. 杯子（一般带柄，用于盛热饮或咖啡） I have a beautiful set of tea cups. ② n. 一杯饮料，一杯咖啡 You can get a good cup at Lucy’s Café.

Lesson 23 Which glasses?

[词汇]（2）

on shelf [语法]

定语：

定语：是修饰限定的成份，做定语的词一般是形容词，但也可用介词短语或定语从句做定语。 介词短语做后置定语： a book on the desk 定语从句：

This is the boy I saw yesterday.

prep. 在……之上

n. 架子，搁板 on the shelf

在英语中，形容词修饰名词时，修饰成份放在名词前面，但由一个介词短语或句子修饰名词时，这个修饰成份应放在名词的后面。

[课文]

MAN: MAN: MAN: MAN:

Give me some glasses please, Jane. These glasses? No, not those. The ones on the shelf. Yes, please. Thanks.

WOMAN: Which glasses?

WOMAN: These? WOMAN: Here you are.

Lesson 24 Give me/him/her/us/them some…

[词汇]（12）

desk table plate cupboard cigarette television floor

dressing table magazine bed newspaper stereo

★desk n. 课桌 ★table n. 桌子

desk通常指有抽屉的桌子，用于办公、读书、写字等，即“书桌”、“写字台”、“办公桌” He is working at his desk. 他正在自己的书桌前用功。

table通常指由若干条腿支撑着的平板，没有抽屉，即“餐桌”、“会议桌”、“工作台”、“手术台”等。 I’ve booked a table for two at 7.00.

They sat round the talbe and made this big decision. 他们围坐在会议桌旁，作出了这个重大的决定。

n. 课桌 n. 桌子 n. 盘子 n. 食橱 n. 香烟 n. 电视机

n. 地板 on the floor n. 梳妆台 n. 杂志 n. 床 n. 报纸 n. 立体声音响

Lesson 25 Mrs. Smith's Kitchen

[词汇]（10）

Mrs. kitchen refrigerator right electric left cooker middle of room

★cooker n. 炉子，炊具 在英文中炊事员用cook。 [课文]

Mrs. Smith's kitchen is small.

There is a refrigerator in the kitchen. The refrigerator is white. It is on the right.

There is an electric cooker in the kitchen. The cooker is blue. It is on the left.

There is a table in the middle of the room. There is a bottle on the table. The bottle is empty.

There is a cup on the table, too. The cup is clean.

夫人 n. 厨房 n. 电冰箱 n. 右边

adj. 带电的，可通电的 n. 左边 n. 炉子，炊具 n. 中间

prep.（属于）……的 n. 房间

Lesson 26 Where is it?

[词汇]（2）

where in

adv. 在哪里 prep. 在…里

Lesson 27 Mrs. Smith's living room

[词汇]（7）

living room near widow armchair door picture wall

★living room 客厅 living 生活

★near prep. 靠近 ① adj. 靠近的，接近的 ② adj. 关系接近的，亲近的 She is near frined of mine. My uncle is nearest relation. ③ adj. 近似的，几乎的

The picture may not be an exact replica but its pretty near. 这幅画也许不是一模一样的复制品，但是已酷似原作了。

★widow n. 窗户 win 赢 wind 吹风

★armchair n. 扶手椅 chairman president n. 总统 [语法]

some, any 一些：

some 和 any 跟可数名词的复数或者是不可数名词；

some表示“某些但不是全部”，通常用于肯定句中，在表示征求对方意见，并且希望得到肯定的答复时也可以用于疑问句。

Have you got some paper-clips in that box? （回形针） Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗？

any表示不确定的数量，通常用在含有not或-n’t的否定句中，也用于表示不确定答案是肯定还是否定，或用于预料得到的回答是No的疑问句。

客厅 prep. 靠近 n. 窗户 n. 扶手椅

n. 门 near the door n. 图画

n. 墙 on the wall

[课文]

Mrs. Smith's living room is large. There is a television in the room. The television is near the window.

There are some magazines on the television. There is a table in the room.

There are some newspapers on the table. There are some armchairs in the room. The armchairs are near the table. There is a stereo in the room. The stereo is near the door. There are some books on the stereo. There are some pictures in the room. The pictures are on the wall.

Lesson 28 Where are they?

[词汇]（1）

trousers

n. 长裤

Lesson 29 Come in, Amy?

[词汇]（11）

shut bedroom untidy must open air put clothes wardrobe [dust sweep

★untidy adj. 乱，不整齐

un-前缀，表示否定；tity adj. 整齐的，干净的 happy——unhappy 不幸福的 lucky——unlucky 不幸的 known——unknown 未知的

v. 关门 n. 卧室 adj. 乱，不整齐 modal verb 必须，应该 v. 打开

v. 使 … 通风，换换空气 v. 放置 n. 衣服 ] n. 大衣柜 v. 掸掉灰尘土 v. 扫

★air v. 使 … 通风，换换空气 ① n. 空气，新鲜空气

Let’s go out and breathe some fresh air. ② n. 空中，空间

He likes to stay in the open air. 他喜欢在户外呆着。 ③ v. 晾（衣服、被褥等）；使通风

Leave the trousers on the washing-line to air. 把裤子挂到晾衣绳上去晾干。

★dust v. 掸掉灰尘土 ★sweep v. 用笤帚扫地

dust ① v. 掸掉……上的灰尘；② n. 灰尘 clear adj. 清晰的 v. 清除

clean adj. 清洁的，干净的 v. 使……干净（不管用什么方法） cleanse v. 用水彻底把……弄干净 wipe v. 用抹布去擦 [语法]

情态动词：

1 情态动词表示人的情感、状态或情绪变化的一种助动词，它本身具有实际意义。 2 情态动词不能单独做谓语，只能和后面的原形动词一起构成谓语。 3 情态动词没有人称和数格的变化。

4 含有情态动词的句子，否定句在它后面加not，一般疑问句把它提前。

情态动词must的用法：

must是情态动词，表示“必须”、“应当”，与have to相似，表示不可逃避的义务。在说话人看来，没有选择的余地。但must带有个人色彩，表示说话人的主观意图。表示个人感情时通常用must。

You must…（你必须……）表示说话人说/认为……是必要的。 You must open the window. You mustn't open the window? Must I open the window? Yes, you must. No, you needn't. [课文]

MRS. JONES: Come in, Amy.

Shut the door, please.

MRS. JONES: This bedroom's very untidy. AMY: What must I do, Mrs. Jones? MRS. JONES: Open the window and air the room.

Then put these clothes in the wardrobe.

MRS. JONES: Then make the bed.

MRS. JONES: Dust the dressing table.

Then sweep the floor.

Lesson 30 What must I do?

[词汇]（7）

empty read sharpen put on take off turn on turn off

★empty adj. 空的

① v. 使空；把……倒出（移出）

They emptied the house. 他们把房屋搬空了。 ② v. 流出；走出

The river emptied itself into the sea. 河水流入大海。 It was raining, and the streets began to empty. 天下起了雨，街上的行人开始稀少了。 ③ adj. 空的

Her purse is empty. 她的钱包是空的。 ④ adj. 空虚的，无意义的

It’s an empty dream. 这是个不现实的梦想。 Officials were flattered by empty complements. 们被空洞的恭维话弄得心里美滋滋的。 ⑤ adj. 呆板的，毫无表情的

She looked at him with empty eyes. 她木然地看着他。 He said all this in an empty voice. 他用一种呆板声调说了这一切。

v. 倒空，使…变空 v. 读

v. 削尖，使锋利 穿上 脱掉 开（电灯） 关（电灯）

Lesson 31 Where's Sally?

[词汇]（10）

garden under tree climb who

n. 花园

prep. 在……这下 n. 树 v. 爬，攀登 pron. 谁

run grass after across cat

★climb v. 爬，攀登

v. 跑 n. 草，草地 prep. 在……之后 prep. 横过，穿过 n. 猫

① v. 攀登，攀爬（树、山等） ② v. 逐步上升（增长）

The temperature is climbing steadily. 温度正在慢慢地平稳上升。 The price of gold climbed back. 金价逐渐回升了。 ③ v. （在社会地位等方面）往上爬

He is trying hard to climb to the top of the social ladder. 他正努力爬到社会的最顶层。

He has climbed to a very high position in his field. 他已在自己的领域中爬到了一个很高的位置。

★run v. 跑 ① v. 跑，奔跑

run across the grass：跑过草地 ② v. 流动；流出

The current is running strong. 水流湍急。 Her eyes ran with tears. 她落泪了。 ③ v. 追赶；追逐；追求 run after：追逐

Many young men are running after that girl. 许多年轻人在追求那个姑娘。 [语法]

时态：共十六种时态，时态是通过动词变化来实现的。 学习方法： 1 首先了解概念

2 时态——动词变化规则、时间的状态

现在进行时： 1、概念

①表示现在正在进行或者发生的动作或事情

②表示现阶段正在进行或发生，但说话的此刻动作不一定进行 ③可以表示将来（多用于移动性动词，并且后面要加将来的时间） 移动性动词：go /come /return /move 2、结构：

肯定句：S. + be + v.-ing

否定句：S. + be + not + v.-ing 一般疑问句：Be + S. + v.-ing ? 回答：Yes, S. + be/ No, S. + be + not 特殊疑问句：What + be + S. + v.-ing? 3、动词变化：V-ing 4、时间：now [课文]

JEAN: Where's Sally, Jack? JACK: She's in the garden, Jean. JEAN: What's she doing?

JACK: She's sitting under the tree. JEAN: Is Tim in the garden, too? JACK: Yes, he is.

He's climbing the tree. JEAN: I beg your pardon? Who's climbing the tree? JACK: Tim is.

JEAN: What about the dog? JACK: The dog's in the garden, too.

It's running across the grass.

It's running after a cat.

Lesson 32 What's he/she/it doing?

[词汇]（12）

type letter basket eat bone clean tooth cook milk meal drink tap

★cook v. 做（饭菜） ① v. 烹调；煮，烧

v. 打字 n. 信 n. 篮子 v. 吃 n. 骨头 v. 清洗

n. （复数 teeth）牙齿 v. 做（饭菜） n. 牛奶 n. 饭，一顿饭 v. 喝 n. （水）龙头

She cooked a lovely meal for her husband.

The beef is not cooked enough. 牛肉煮得不够熟。 ② n. 厨子，炊事员

Tom works as a cook in a local restaurant. My dad is really a good cook.

Lesson 33 A fine day

[词汇]（15）

day cloud sky sun shine with family walk over bridge boat river ship aeroplane fly

★day n.日子 Sunday：[Monday：星期一 Tuesday星期二 Wednesday：星期三 Thursday：星期四 Friday：星期五 Saturday：星期六

★with prep. 和……在一起 be with：和……在一起 Mrs.Liu is with those children.

★walk v. 走路, 步行 walk over：走过

They are walking over the bridge.

]星期天

n.日子 n.云

n. 天空 in the sky n. 太阳

v. 照耀 sunshine prep. 和……在一起 n. 家庭（成员） v. 走路, 步行 prep.跨越，在……之上 n. 桥 n. 船 n. 河 n. 轮船 n. 飞机 v. 飞

on foot 步行（介词短语） They are going to school on foot.

★boat n. 船 ★ship n. 轮船

boat指河中行驶的小船，ship一般指海洋中行驶的大船。

★aeroplane n. 飞机

飞机正式用语：aeroplane（英语）、airplane（美语）； 非正式用语：plane [课文]

It is a fine day today.

There are some clouds in the sky, but the sun is shining. Mr. Jones is with his family. They are walking over the bridge. There are some boats on the river. Mr. Jones and his wife are looking at them. Sally is looking at a big ship. The ship is going under the bridge. Tim is looking at an aeroplane. The aeroplane is flying over the river. [课文注释]

Mr. Jones is with his family.

句中with是介词，表示“和……一起”。family指“家里的人”或“家庭成员”。

Lesson 34 What are they doing?

[词汇]（6）

sleep shave cry wash wait jump

★sleep v. 睡觉 ① v. 睡觉

I was so excited that I could hardly sleep. ② n. 睡眠；睡觉

v. 睡觉 v. 刮脸 v. 哭，喊 v. 洗 v. 等 v. 跳

He had a good sleep last night.

★jump v. 跳 ① v. 跳跃；跃过

They jumped off the wall and ran off. 他们从墙上跳下去跑掉了。 ② v. 略去；跳过

He jumped the first grade in college.

他跳过大学一年级（指跳级直接升入二年级）。 ③ v. 突然上升；猛增

They jumped the registration fees from 20 to 50. 他们把注册费从20涨到50。

His company’s profits jumped surprisingly last year. 他所在公司去年的利润令人惊异地飞速增加。 [语法]

动词+ing的规则：

1、一般的词直接加-ing：read——reading

2、以-e结尾，要去掉-e，然后再加-ing：shave——shaving 以-ee结尾，直接加-ing：see——seeing

3、重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾如果只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，然后再加-ing：sit——sitting 重读闭音节：一般单音节都为重读

闭音节：五个元音字母在单词里，发本身的字母音是开音节，如果不是发本身的字母音就是闭音节。 4、一般双音节重读音节必须在第二个音节，第二个音节里有一个元音和辅音的单词要双写，加ing。 enter——entering；refer——referring

Lesson 35 Our village

[词汇]（14）

photograph village valley between hill another wife along bank water swim building park

n. 照片 n. 村庄 n. 山谷

prep. 在……之间 n. 小山 det. 另一个 n. 妻子 prep. 沿着 n. 河岸 n. 水 v. 游泳 n. 大楼，建筑物 n. 公园

into

★photograph n. 照片 I want to take a photo. picture 照片（美）

prep.进入

take a photograph/ picture of sb. 给某人拍照 “……的”用of，无生命的东西表示所属 a photograph of a city/ our village

★hill n. 小山 hill：不高的小山丘

mount：名山，山的专有名词 mountain：大型的，高山

range：山区，山脉，连绵起伏的群山

★water n. 水（不可数名词） waters 水域

★swim v. 游泳 go swimming 去游泳

★park n. 公园 v. 停车 No parking. 不许停车 [语法]

短语动词：

短语动词通常是指后面常跟一个介词或副词短语的动词，即动词+介词或副词小品词。英语（特别是非正式的、惯用的英语）中存在着一种用动词短语代替与其同义的单个动词的强烈趋势。最常见的短语动词是由英语中最短小和最简单的动词构成的，这些动词常与表示位置或方向的词组合，如along，down，in，off，on，out，over，under等。而且一个短语本身也可能有几种不同的意义。

★go into ① 走进；进入 ② 进入；介入

They’re going into the business world. 他们正步入商界。

★sit on ① 坐在……上 ② 拖延（口语）；压下

They are trying to sit on the bad news as long as possible. 他们正试图尽可能拖延时间不把这个坏消息讲出去。

★run along ① 沿着……跑

The dogs are running along the river banks. ② 离开；走开

It’s getting dark, we must run along. 天黑了，我们得走了。 [课文]

This is a photograph of our village. Our village is in a valley. It is between two hills. The village is on a river.

Here is another photograph of the village.

My wife and I are walking along the banks of the river. We are on the left. There is a boy in the water. He is swimming across the river.

Here is another photograph. This is the school building. It is beside a park. The park is on the right.

Some children are coming out of the building. Some of them are going into the park.

Lesson 36 Where…？

[词汇]（2）

beside off

prep. 在……旁 prep. 离开

Lesson 37 Making a bookcase

[词汇]（8）

work hard make bookcase hammer paint

v. 工作 adv. 努力地 v. 做 n. 书橱，书架 n. 锤子 v. 上漆，涂

pink favourite

★work v. 工作 ① v. 工作；劳动

n.& adj. 粉红色 adj. 最喜欢的

He works 45 hours per week. ② v. 从事职业

He works as a bank clerk. ③ v. 学习；做作业

If you work hard, you’ll pass your exams. ④ n. 工作；劳动；作业；职业 He is without work. 他失业了。

He wants to have a good sleep after a day’s work.

★bookcase 书橱，书架 bookshelf 书架 bookmark 书签

★ paint v. 上漆，涂 ① v. 上漆，涂 ② v. （用颜料）画 Who painted this picture? ③ v. 描写；描绘

His novel paints a peaceful picture of the country life in Europe. 他的小说描绘了有关欧洲乡村生活的的宁静画面。 ④ n. 油漆；涂料；颜料 Wet Paint! 油漆末干！

I bought a box of paints. 我买了一盒颜料。 painter 画家，油漆工 writer 作家，抄字工 painting 画

picture 画片（总称） cartoon 卡通图画 sketch 草图

drawing 铅笔画，素描

★pink n.& adj. 粉红色 in the pink 健康

pink-collar 粉领的，职业妇女的 blue-collar 蓝领的

white-collar 白领的 golden-collar 金领

bookseller 书商 bookstore 书店（美） bookwarm 书虫

bookshop 书店（英） mark：考试分数，标记

pink lady 红粉佳人 pink slip 解雇通知书 [语法]

be going to 句型 含义：

1、打算、准备在最近做某事（在非正式语体中，一般多用be going to，而不用will） 2、表示按计划、安排要发生的事 3、表示预言即将要发生某事 结构：

陈述句：am/is/are +going to+V原 We are going to make a bookcase. She is going to cry. It is going to rain.

疑问句：将助动词be提至句首变为一般疑问句。 否定句：在助动词后面加上not可以变为否定句。

宾语补足语：

I am going to paint it pink. We call him ‘little fatty’.

want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 for：为……（be for） to：（方向）去…… [课文]

DAN:

You're working hard, George.

What are you doing? GEORGE: I'm making a bookcase.

Give me that hammer please, Dan.

DAN: Which hammer? This one? GEORGE: No, not that one. The big one. DAN: Here you are. GEORGE: Thanks, Dan.

DAN: What are you going to do now, George? GEORGE: I'm going to paint it.

DAN: What colour are you going to pain it? GEORGE: I'm going to paint it pink. DAN: Pink!

GEORGE: This bookcase isn't for me.

It's for my daughter, Susan.

Pink's her favourite colour.

Lesson 38 What are you going to do?

What are you doing now?

[词汇]（3）

homework listen dish

★homework n. 作业

do one’s homework 做家庭作业 housework 家务活

do the housework 做家务活

homeland 祖国 homesick 思乡 hometown 家乡

★listen vi. 听（表示听的动作） listen to 听某人讲话 Listen to the music! hear vt. 听见（表示结果） Can you hear me? hear of 听说

I have heard of this story a lot. hear from sb. 收到某人来信 vt. 及物动词：后边直接跟宾语

vi. 不及物动词：不可直接跟宾语，必须加了介词才可以跟宾语

★dish n. 盘子，碟子 a homely dish 一道家常菜 plate 盘子

homemade 家里自制的 lovesick 相思 n. 作业 v. 听 n. 盘子，碟子

Lesson 39 Don't drop it!

[词汇]（6）

front in front of careful vase [drop flower

]

n. 前面 在……之前

adj. 小心的，仔细的 n. 花瓶 v. 掉下 n. 花

★front n. 前面；adj. 前面的 front line 前排，前线 front page news 头版新闻

★in front of 在……前面

in front of 在……前面（不属于同一范围） There is a garden in front of the building. The vase is in front of you.

in the front of 在……前部（属于同一范围） There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

★careful adj. 小心的，仔细的

care n. 照料，照顾；v. 关心，顾虑，照顾 take care of =look after 照顾某人 You must take care of (look after) her. medical care 医疗护理 special care 特殊护理 skin care 皮肤护理 hair and skin care

I don’t care. 我不在乎 Who cares? 谁管他，管他呢 careful adj. 仔细的 careless adj. 粗心的 carefully adv 仔细的

Lucy is a careful girl. /Lucy is careful. Be careful! 小心点 Look out! 小心，当心 Mind yourself! 小心一点儿！

Mind your own business. 管好你自己的事。 Watch your step! 小心滑倒

★drop v. 掉下

① v. （失手）落下；掉下；放下

She dropped her knife and fork and hurried to answer the phone. 她放下刀叉赶紧去接电话。 ② v. （使）滴下；滴水 Tears dropped from her face. ③ v. （使）下降；降低 He dropped his voice.

Yesterday the temperature dropped to 8 below zero.

[语法]

祈使句

1、普通动词原形+其它（名词或代词） Help yourself! 请自己动手。 Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地！ 2、be 动词 + 形容词 Be quiet!

祈使句的否定形式是在其前边加 Don't. Don't be silly!

某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词，而不是带to的动词不定式结构。 Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。

Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.

do的用法

① 助动词：to do with ② 实义动词：Don't do that. [课文]

SAM: What are you going to do with that vase, Penny? PENNY: I'm going to put it on this table, Sam. SAM: Don't do that. Give it to me. PENNY: What are you going to do with it?

SAM: I'm going to put it here, in front of the window. PENNY: Be careful! Don't drop it!

Don't put it there, Sam.

Put it here, on this shelf. SAM: There we are! It's a lovely vase.

PENNY: Those flowers are lovely, too.

Lesson 40 What are you going to do?

I'm going to …

[词汇]（3）

show send take

★send v. 送给 ① v. 送给；寄 I’ll send him a present.

v. 给……看 v. 送给 v. 带给

② v. 差遗；命（请）……去 He sent his secretary for a doctor.

Her mother often sends her to the store for some groceries. [语法]

词组：动词+介词 put on 穿上 能放中间。

Put your coat on! = Put on your coat! Put it on!

take off 脱下

动词加介词的词组，再加名词，名词可以放中间，也可以放后边；而如果是动词加代词的词组，则只

Lesson 41 Penny's bag

[词汇]（8）

cheese bread soap chocolate sugar [coffee tea tobacco [ ★bar ① n. 条；块

He has just had a chocolate bar. ② n. （门、窗的）闩；杆 He is now behind bars.

他现在被关在监狱里。（bar指窗上装有铁栅栏，behind bars是一种非正式固定用语，意为in prison，关在监狱里）

③ n. 酒吧（间） The bar is very crowded.

★pound

① n. 磅；常衡磅；金衡磅 It weighs 15 pounds.

② n. 英磅（全称为pound sterling） Half a pound of coffee costs one pound. 半磅咖啡的价格是一英镑。

]

n. 乳酪，干酪 n. 面包 n. 肥皂 n. 巧克力 n. 糖 n. 咖啡 n. 茶

] n. 烟草，烟丝

[课文]

SAN:

Is that bag heavy, Penny?

PENNY: Not very. SAN: Here!

Put it on this chair. What's in it?

PENNY: A piece of cheese. A loaf of bread. A bar of soap. A bar of Chocolate. A bottle of milk. A pound of sugar. Half a pound of coffee. A quarter of pound of tea. And a tin of tobacco. SAN: Is that tin of tobacco for me? PENNY: Well, it's certainly not for me!

[课文注释]

1、Put it on this chair. 把它放在这把椅子上。 在没有扶手的椅子上用on，在有扶手的椅子上用in。

2、表示数量的短语： a piece of 一张 a bar of 一条

a pound of 一磅

a loaf of 一个 a bottle of 一瓶 half a pound of 半磅 a tin of 一听

a quarter of 四分之一

Lesson 42 Is there a…in/on that…?

[词汇]（3）

bird any some

n. 鸟 det. 一些 det. 一些

Lesson 43 Hurry up!

[词汇]（7）

of course kettle behind teapot now find boil

当然 n. 水壶 prep.在……后面 n. 茶壶 adv. 现在，此刻 v. 找到 v. 沸腾，开

★of course 当然（口语） certainly 当然（口语和书面语） sure 当然（美语多用）

★find 找到（表示结果） ① v. 找到；寻得

It is most important to find a suitable person for the job. ② v. 找出；查明

Shall we ever find an answer to the tough problem? 我们能找出解决这一难题的办法吗？

It is found that 70% of college students have part-time jobs. 已查明，有70%的大学生做兼职工作。

look for 寻找的动作，不强调结果

We are looking for a lost pen. But it is not sure you can find it. find out 寻找，找到，查明事情的、原由 search 搜查，搜索

discover 探索，发现（让别人重新认识） Discovery 《探索》

invent 发现，发明（全新的事物）

★boil v. 沸腾，开 ① v. 开，滚；沸腾

When water boils it changes into steam. 水沸腾时会变成蒸气。 ② v. （海等）翻腾；汹涌

The stormy sea is boiling. 暴风雨中的大海汹涌起伏。 ③ v. （人、感情等）激动；发怒

Seeing the national flag made me boil. 看着国旗，我心潮澎湃。

★make the tea 沏茶 make up 编造，下定，化妆 make up one’s mind 下定某人决心

make v. 做 ① v. 制作；创造

Hollywood can make the most famous film stars in world. 好莱坞可以造就世界上最著名的影星。 ② v. 产生，引起；导致

You have made a serious mistake. Don’t make so much noise, please! ③ v. 整理；料理；准备

The coffee is made. 咖啡煮好了。

[语法]

情态动词can的用法

can是情态动词，本身不表示动作，表示体力或脑力方面的能力或客观可能等。它必须与其他动词连用，本身没有人称和数格的变化。Can的否定形式为can not，cannot或can’t（省略式）。

I can make the tea. I can't make the tea. Can you make the tea? Yes, I can. /No, I can't. What can you/ I do? [课文]

PENNY: Can you make the tea, Sam? SAM: Yes, of course I can, Penny.

Is there any water in this kettle?

PENNY: Yes, there is. SAM: Where's the tea?

PENNY: It's over there, behind the teapot.

Can you see it?

SAM: I can see the teapot, but I can't see the tea. PENNY: There it is!

It's in front of you! SAM: Ah yes, I can see it now.

Where are the cups? Can you find them?

PENNY: There are some in the cupboard. SAM: Yes. Here they are. PENNY: Hurry up, Sam! The kettle's boiling! [课文注释]

The kettle’s boiling!

这里的kettle=water in the kettle。用容器来指代容器内的东西是一种修辞格，叫借代（metonymy）。

Lesson 45 The boss's letter

[词汇]（6）

can boss minute ask handwriting

modal verb 能够 n. 老板，上司 n. 分（钟） v.请求，要求 n. 书写

terrible

★minute n. 分（钟）

adj. 糟糕的，可怕的

a minute/ one minute 一分钟；一会儿

★terrible adj. 糟糕的，可怕的 ① adj. 可怕的；骇人的

This is a picture of terrible new weapons. 这是一张可怕的新式武器的图片。 ② adj. 困难的；费劲的

Who can accomplish this terrible task? ③ adj. 极度的；非常严重的 I’ve got a terrible headache. ④ adj. 糟透的（口语）；很蹩脚的

She is terrible at maths. 她的数学很蹩脚。 [课文]

THE BOSS: Can you come here a minute please, Bob? BOB: Yes, sir? THE BOSS: Where's Pamela? BOB: She's next door. She's in her office, sir.

THE BOSS: Can she type this letter for me? Ask her please. BOB: Yes, sir.

Can you type this letter for the boss please, Pamela?

PAMELA: Yes, of course I can. BOB: Here you are. PAMELA: Thank you, Bob.

Bob!

BOB: Yes? What's the matter? PAMELA: I can't type this letter.

I can't read it!

The boss's handwriting is terrible!

Lesson 46 Can you … ?

[词汇]（3）

lift cake

biscuit [biskit]

v. 拿起，搬起，举起 n. 饼，蛋糕 n. 饼干

★lift v. 拿起，搬起，举起 ① v. 提；抬；举

The elderly lady lifted her eyes from the book. 那位年长的女士从书本上抬起眼睛。 ② v. 提高；搞高……地位

This polity lifted Chinese exports of silk. 这项提高了中国丝绸的出口量。

Lesson 47 A cup of coffee

[词汇]（2）

like want

★like v. 喜欢，想要 ① v. 喜欢 ② v. 想要；希望有

Would you like some coffee?

★want v. 想 ① v. 想要；希望

want sb. to do sth. 想某人做某事

The boss wants Pamela to type a letter for him. ② v. 需要

My leather shoes want cleaning. 我的皮鞋需要擦擦了。

Those drooping flowers want water. 那些正在枯萎的花朵需要水分。 [语法]

一般现在时 概念：

1、 经常的习惯或反复的动作 2、 现在的事实或状态描述 3、 自然界的客观真理或事实 4、 在口语中可代替一般将来时 结构： 1、肯定句： ① S + be ② S + V原形

③ S + V(e)s：第三人称单数

v. 喜欢，想要 v. 想

I want an apple. She likes apples. 2、否定句： ① S +be +not ② S +don’t +V ③ S +doesn't +V 3、一般疑问句： ① Be +S +…?

第一种结构变疑问句要把be动词提前 ② Do +S+V原+…? Do you … ?

Yes, I do. /No, I don't. ③ Does +S +V原 +…? Does she … ?

Yes, she does./No, she doesn't. [课文]

CHRISTINE: Do you like coffee, Ann? ANN:

Yes, I do.

CHRISTINE: Do you want a cup? ANN: Yes, please, Christine. CHRISTINE: Do you want any sugar? ANN: Yes, please.

CHRISTINE: Do you want any milk? ANN: No, thank you.

I don't like milk in my coffee. I like black coffee. CHRISTINE: Do you like biscuits? ANN: Yes, I do. CHRISTINE: Do you want one? ANN: Yes, please. [课文注释]

I like black coffee.

black coffee是指不加牛奶或咖啡伴侣的咖啡，加牛奶的咖啡叫white coffee，black tea

Lesson 48 Do you like … ?

Do you want … ?

[词汇]（16）

fresh adj. 新鲜的 egg

n. 鸡蛋

红茶。 butter pure honey ripe banana jam sweet orange Scotch whisky choice apple wine beer blackboard [语法]

序数词 1st——first 4th——fourth 7th——seventh 10th——tenth

n. 黄油 adj. 纯净的 n. 蜂蜜 adj. 成熟的 n. 香蕉 n. 果酱 adj. 甜的 n. 橙 苏格兰威士忌 adj. 上等的，精选的 n. 苹果 n. 酒，果酒 n. 啤酒 n. 黑板

2nd——second 5th——fifth 8th——eighth

3rd——third 6th——sixth 9th——ninth 12th——twelfth

11th——eleventh

英语中序数词必须与定冠词（the）连用。如：the 1th month，the twelfth century（12世纪）

Lesson 49 At the butcher's

[词汇]（11）

butcher[meat beef lamb[husband steak [mince [chicken tell truth either

★butcher n. 卖肉的

在英文表示“某一商店”的商店中，往往可以把shop省略，如课文中的the butcher’s (shop)和the greengrocer’s (shop)，类似的例子还有the hairdresser’s (shop)，the stationer’s (shop)，the docter’s (office)，my mother’s (house)等。

] ] ]

]

n. 卖肉的 n. 肉 n. 牛肉 n. 羔羊肉 n. 丈夫 n. 牛排 n. 肉馅，绞肉 n. 鸡 v. 告诉 n. 实情

adv. 也（用于否定句）

★tell v. 告诉 tell the truth 说实话 tell a lie 撒谎 tell a story 讲故事

tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 say 说话，强调说话的内容 say to oneself 自言自语

speak 讲话，强调说话的动作，讲某种语言 speak to sb. 和某人讲话

speak of sb. /sth. 谈到某人/某事 Do you speak English? talk 谈话，谈论某些事情 talk about 谈论关于…… talk of 谈到 talk show 脱口秀 talk to sb. 和某人谈话 chat 聊天

chat room 聊天室 chitchat

have a chat with sb./chat with sb. 和某人聊天

★truth n. 实情，事实 true adj. 真实的 come true 梦想成真 true lie 真实的谎言

★either adv. 也（用于否定句）

either一般用于否定句,位于句末，前面通常有逗号。

too常用于肯定句，有时也用于疑问句，但不能用于否定句。常见于句末，too前常有逗号；如果不在句末，too前后都应当有逗号。

[语法]

动词加 s(es) 规则 1、一般动词直接加-s

2、s, x, sh, ch, z 结尾的单词加 -es 变化 push -> pushes fix -> fixes try -> tries do -> does

pass -> passes buzz -> buzzes

catch -> catches watch -> watches

wash -> washes

3、辅音字母加y 结尾，要变y为i加es.

worry -> worries go -> goes

study -> studies

cry -> cries

4、辅音字母+o+es

动词不定式

动词不定式不能作谓语，其它的都可作。动词不定式就是to+动词原型。 to tell you the truth 告诉你实话吧（动词不定式短语）

To say is one thing. To do is another. 说是一回事，做又是一回事。

some、any用法：

some/any +可数名词复数/不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句；但在征求对方意见时希望得到对方肯定答复，some可用于疑问句

I want some books. I don’t want any books. Do you want any books?

What about…? ……怎么样？（征求对方意见） Would you like…? 你愿意……吗？ Would you like some bread? [课文]

BUTCHER: Do you want any meat today, Mrs. Bird? MRS.BIRD: Yes, please.

BUTCHER: Do you want beef or lamb? MRS.BIRD: Beef, please.

BUTCHER: This lamb's very good.

MRS.BIRD: I like lamb, but my husband doesn't. BUTCHER: What about some steak? This is a nice piece. MRS.BIRD: Give me that piece, please.

And a pound of mince, too.

BUTCHER: Do you want a chicken, Mrs. Bird? They 're very nice. MRS.BIRD: No, thank you.

My husband likes steak, but he doesn't like chicken.

BUTCHER: To tell you the truth, Mrs. Bird, I don't like chicken either!

Lesson 50 He likes … But he doesn't like

[词汇]（9）

tomato potato cabbage lettuce[

]

n. 西红柿 n. 土豆 n. 卷心菜 n. 莴苣

pea bean pear [grape peach

]

n. 豌豆 n. 豆角 n. 梨 n. 葡萄 n. 桃

Lesson 51 A pleasant climate

[词汇]（26）

Greece climate country pleasant weather spring windy warm rain sometimes summer autumn winter snow January February March April May June July August September October November December

★climate n. 气候 （指某一地区数年间的天气情况） ★weather n. 天气（指某个特定的时间内睛、雨、风雪变化） What’s the weather like…? 天气怎么样？ What’s the climate like…? 气侯怎么样？

n. 希腊-> Greek：希腊人 n. 气候 n. 国家 adj. 宜人的 n. 天气

n. 春季 [in spring] adj. 有风的 adj. 温暖的 v. 下雨 adv. 有时 n. 夏天 n. 秋天 n. 冬天 v. 下雪 n. 1月 n. 2月 n. 3月 n. 4月 n. 5月 n. 6月 n. 7月 n. 8月 n. 9月 n. 10月 n. 11月 n. 12月

★like

① vt. 喜欢，想要 ② prep. 象……一亲友 be like 象……

She is like her brother. look like 看起来象…… They look like twins.

The new building looks like a big bird. feel like +n.或Ving 喜欢

★country n. 国家 nation n. 国家，民族 state n. 国家，，州

land n. 陆地，国家（书面语） v. 登陆 homeland n. 祖国，本国 motherland n. 祖国

★pleasant adj. 宜人的 ① 令人愉快的；舒适合意的

This study is pleasant to work in. 在这个书房里工作令人感到舒适。 ② （人或其外表、举止等）讨人喜欢；（性情等）和蔼可亲的 Adrew seemed very pleasant on the phone. 安德鲁在电话里显得很和蔼可亲。

present adj. 现在的 n. 礼物 peasant=farmer n. 农民 president n. 总统，会长，移民 parent 父母亲中的一方

★windy adj. 有风的 windy joy 空欢喜 joy FM. 欢乐调频

Always look for the joy in life. 永远在生命中寻找快乐！

★sometimes adv. 有时 time 时间，次数 some times 一些次数

I have been there some times. sometime 某时

When will you come here?

I’m not sure. Maybe sometime next week. Sometime I go shopping with my friends.

some time 一些时间

Give me some time to think it over. Have you made up your mind about this? I need some time to think it over.

★fall n. 秋天（美） vi. 倒下，落下 legend 传奇

[Legends of the Fall 秋日传奇，燃情岁月] [语法]

What…(be,look…) like?

What…like？这一句型用于询问事物的状况，如天气、气候，或询问人物或事物的外观或特征： What’s it like today? What’s your house like?

许多形容词可用以回答What…like？这样的问题，并可根据上下文给以笼统的或确切的信息。

频率副词：

often [经常]、sometimes [有时]、always [总是]、usually [通常]、never [从来不]

频率副词一般放在be动词之后，行为动词之前。如果是否定句或是疑问句用在助动词和行为动词之间，为表示强调频率副词可以放在句首或者是句尾。

She is often late. I often go swimming. [课文]

HANS:

Where do you come from?

DIMITRI: I come from Greece.

HANS: What's the climate like in your country? DIMITRI: It's very pleasant.

HANS: What's the weather like in spring? DIMITRI: It's often windy in March.

It's always warm in April and May, but it rains sometimes. HANS: What's it like in summer?

DIMITRI: It's always hot in June, July and August.

The sun shines every day.

HANS: Is it cold or warm in autumn?

DIMITRI: It's always warm in September and October.

It's often cold in November and it rains sometimes.

HANS: Is it very cold in winter?

DIMITRI: It's often cold in December, January and February.

It snows sometimes.

[课文注释]

What’s the climate like in your country?

What…(be/look) like?这个句型用于询问事物的状况，如天气、气候等，也可询问人物或事物的外观或特征。

What’s your house like?

lesson 52 What nationality are they?

Where do they come from?

[词汇]（11）

the U.S. Brazil [Holland [England France Germany Italy Norway [Russia Spain [Sweden [

★the U.S. n. 美国

the U.S.=the Unied States of America

]

n. 美国 -> American：美国人 ] n. 巴西 -> Brazilian：巴西人 ] n. 荷兰 -> Dutch：荷兰人 n. 英国 -> English：英国人 n. 法国 -> French：法国人 n. 德国 -> German：德国人 n. 意大利 -> Italian：意大利人 ] n. 挪威 -> Norwegian：挪威人

n. 俄罗斯 -> Russian：人 n. 西班牙 -> Spanish：西班牙人 ] n. 瑞典 -> Swedish：瑞典人

Lesson 53 An interesting climate

[词汇]（17）

mild [always north east wet west south season best night rise early

]

adj. 温和的，温暖的 adv. 总是 n. 北方 n. 东方 adj. 潮湿的 n. 西方 n. 南方 n. 季节 adv. 最 n. 夜晚 v. 升起 adv. 早

set late interesting subject conversation

v. （太阳）落下去 adv. 晚，迟

adj. 有趣的，有意思的 n. 话题；[语法]主语；科目 n. 谈话

★mild adj. 温和的，温暖的 ① adj. （天气等）温暖的；暖和的；

They had an exceptionally mild winter last year. ② adj. （性情等）温和的；

John is a mild man who never raises his voice. ③ adj. （食物等）味淡的

Try this mild curry. 试试这种淡味咖喱。

He likes to smoke mild cigars. 他喜欢抽淡味雪茄烟。

wild adj. 野性的，野生的 child n. 孩子

warm adj. 暖和的，温暖的 mild：（人）性格温和的（与生俱来） gentle：温和的，文雅的（后天） gentleman n. 绅士

★north n. 北方

in the North= in the north of England

表示一个国家或地区的方位词如果单独使用一般要大写，但仅仅表示方位意义的方位词不需大写。如：a north wind、a south window等。

★wet adj. 潮湿的 all in wet 全身湿透了 damp adj. 潮湿的 moist adj. 给人湿的感觉

★west n. 西方 go west 去死

★rise v. 升起

① v. （日、月等）升起；上升

The curtain rises at 8.00 p.m. 剧在晚上8点钟开演。 ② v. （河水、物价、温度等）上涨；升高；增加 The level of the river is still rising. ③ v. 起身；起床

The house rose to the singers. 全场起立向歌唱演员们致意。

★subject n. 话题；[语法]主语；科目

How many subjects do you have in your class? theme n. 论文，演讲的主题 topic n. 一篇文章或对话的主题

★conversation n. 谈话 This is our favorite subject.

This is our favorite subject of conversation.

英国：大不列巅及北爱尔兰联合王国 England 英格兰 Scotland 苏格兰 Ireland 爱尔兰

Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰 Wales 威尔士 [课文]

HANS: Where do you come from? JIM: I come from England.

HANS: What's the climate like in your country? JIM: It's mild, but it's not always pleasant.

The weather's often cold in the North and windy in the East. It's often wet in the West and sometimes warm in the South.

HANS: Which seasons do you like best? JIM: I like spring and summer.

The days are long and the nights are short. The sun rises early and sets late. I don't like autumn and winter.

The days are short and the nights are long. The sun rises late and set early.

Our climate is not very good, but it's certainly interesting. It's our favourite subject of conversation.

Lesson 54 What nationality are they?

Where do they come from?

[词汇]（21）

Australia Australian Austria Austrian

n. 澳大利亚 n. 澳大利亚人 n. 奥地利 n. 奥地利人

Canada Canadian China Finland Finnish India Indian Japan Nigeria [Nigerian Turkey [Turkish Korea Polish Poland Thai Thailand

]

n. 加拿大 n. 加拿大人 n. 中国 Chinese n. 芬兰 n. 芬兰人 n. 印度 n. 印度人 n. 日本 Japanese

] n. 尼日利亚 n. 尼日利亚人 n. 土耳其 n. 土耳其人 n. 韩国 n. 波兰人 n. 波兰 n. 泰国人 n. 泰国

Lesson 55 The Sawyer family

[词汇]（11）

live stay home housework lunch afternoon usually together evening arrive night

★live v. 住，生活 ① v. 居住，生活 ② v. 活，生存

My grandmother lived until she was 94. Fish can’t live long out of water. ③ v. 过生活；享受生活乐趣

At 40 he was just beginning to live. 他到40岁刚刚开始过上富有意义的生活。

v. 住，生活 v. 呆在，停留 n. 家；adv. 到家 n. 家务 n. 午饭 n. 下午 adv. 通常 adv. 一起 n. 晚上 v. 到达 n. 夜间

You haven’t lived till you’ve been to Paris. 你没到过巴黎就算不上享受过生活。 ④ 靠……生活（by/on）

He lives by playing the violin.

He lives on the fortune left to him by his father. ⑤ adj. 现场的 live show 现场演出

live：长期居住在 …；短期住

live in 住在一个比较大的地方（国家、城市） live at 住在一个比较小的地方（区、街道） They live at Eighty-seven King Street. inhabit：世世代代居住 reside[

life n. 生活 make a living 谋生

What you get is a living, what you give is a life. 得到的是生存，付出的是生活。

★stay v. 呆在，停留 ① v. 呆在，停留 ② v. 逗留，暂住

We were staying at the same hotel. ③ v. 保持，保留

The house has to stay exactly at it was. 这所房子必须完全保持原来的样子。

★home n. 家；adv. 到家 stay at home：呆在家 homework n. 家庭作业 homely adj. 家常的 homely dish 家常菜 homeless adj. 无家可归的 homelike adj. 像家的 homeland n. 祖国 homesick 想家

homemade adj. 家里自制的 hometown n. 家乡

★housework n. 家务 do the housework 做家务活

]：（正式用语）合法居住在 …

I live in Beijing, but I really want to reside in Beijing.

★together adv. 一起 drink tea together 一起喝茶

My friends and I often drink tea together at weekend.

★arrive vi. 到达 ① v. 到达，到来

The train is expected to arrive in London at 8.20 p.m. 火车预计在晚上8点20分抵达伦敦。 ② v. （时间等）来临，（婴儿）出生

At last the day of granduation arrived. 毕业的那一天终于来临。 Elizabeth’s bady arrived at midnight. 伊丽莎白的婴儿是午夜时分降生的。 arrive in（大地方）/arrive at（小地方） I get school very early everyday. reach vt. 到达（及物动词） reach Beijing [课文]

The Sawyers live at 87 King Street.

In the morning, Mr. Sawyer goes to work and the children go to school. Mrs. Sawyer stays at home every day. She does the housework.

In the afternoon, she usually sees her friends. They often drink tea together. In the evening, the children come home from school. They arrive home early. Mr. Sawyer comes home from work. He arrives home late.

At night, the children always do their homework. Then they go to bed. Mr. Sawyer usually reads his newspaper, but sometimes he and his wife watch television.

[课文注释]

1、The Sawyers live at 87 King Street.

the Sawyers是指索耶一家。在英文中，姓氏后面加s，前面加定冠词the，用来指一家人，特别是丈夫和妻子。

2、She always eats her lunch at noon. at noon下午，也叫midday

in the morning/ afternoon/ evening at noon/ night

如果说某日夜里，则用介词on on the night of June 2

3、They arrive home early.

在本句中home和early都是副词，下文中的home和late也是副词。

Lesson 57 An unusual day

[词汇]（3）

o'clock shop moment

★o'clock adv. 点钟 what’s the time?/ What time is it? 1、 整点：It’s … o’clock.

2、几点过几分：It’s 分钟 past 点钟. 或 It’s 点钟 分钟. 在某个钟点的1到30分钟内，用past表示。 It’s eight past three. It’s six ten.

3、半点之后：It’s 分钟 to 点钟.

时间是在某个钟点的31分到下一个整点，常用介词to。 It’s twenty to seven.

以上两种情况也可用直接读出钟点和分钟的方式来表达。 4、半点：It’s half past 点钟. It’s half past ten. 5、一刻钟

① 几点15分：a quarter past 点钟 ② 几点45分：a quarter to 点钟 表示在什么时间通常都需用介词at。 [语法]

一般现在时与现在进行时

一般现在时表示一般的动作或不断重复发生的动作，表示永久的情况；现在进行时表示说话时正在发生的动作，动作还没有完成，表示暂时的情况。

有些动词（如like，want，know等）不是动作动词，不能用进行时态。

一般现在时表达某个习惯性动作，通常与时间频度副词连用，如usually，always，often，sometimes，never等；现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，一般与now，at the moment，today，this afternoon，this evening，tonight等连用。

[课文]

It is eight o'clock. The children go to school by car every day, but today, they are going to school on foot.

It is ten o'clock. Mrs. Sawyer usually stays at home in the morning, but this morning, she is going to the shops.

It is four o'clock. In the afternoon, Mrs. Sawyer usually drinks tea in the living room. But this afternoon, she is drinking tea in the garden.

It is six o'clock. In the evening, the children usually do their homework, but this evening, they are not doing their homework. At the moment, they are playing in the garden.

adv. 点钟 n. 商店 n. 片刻，瞬间

It is nine o'clock. Mr. Sawyer usually reads his newspaper at night. But he's not reading his newspaper tonight. At the moment, he's reading an interesting book.

Lesson 59 Is that all?

[词汇]（8）

envelope [writing paper shop assistant size pad glue chalk change

★writing paper 信纸

paper （论文）/ newspaper 中的 paper 是可数的

writing paper 是不可数的（a piece of paper，a sheet of paper）

★size n. 尺寸，尺码，大小 ① n.（衣服、鞋、帽等的）尺码，号 special size 特大号 small size小号

large size 大号 pocket size 袖珍型

medium size中号（均码） portable size 便携式的

] 信纸 售货员

n. 尺寸，尺码，大小 n. 信笺簿 （可数） n. 胶水 （不可数） n. 粉笔 （不可数） n. 零钱，找给的钱

n.信封

② n.（尺寸、体积、规模、身材等的）大小；（数量）多少 There are houses of all sizes in that town. We have chosen some boys all of the same size.

★glue n. 胶水 （不可数） a bottle of glue

★chalk n. 粉笔 （不可数） a piece of chalk

a box of chalk/ a large box of chalk /small boxes

★change n. 零钱，找给的钱 ① n. 找头；零钱

I have no change about me. ② n. 变化；转换

Roast beef is a welcome change from the usual tasteless food. 烤牛肉与平素无味的饭菜比起来实在是一种让人欣喜的变化.

Let’s go to a French restaurant for a change. 咱们去家法国餐馆吧,换换口味.

[语法]

have/has的用法

1、当 have 表示“拥有、具有”这个概念的时候，其否定形式和疑问形式各有两种。

这种情况，可以在 have/has 后直接加not, 也可以象普通动词那样，借助一般现在时助动词 do/does 来表示否定和疑问。

I haven't a sister. / I don't have a sister. Have you a sister? / Do you have a sister?

have当“拥有”讲时，可用于所有一般时态，却不能用于进行时态。

2、当have表示行为动作的时候，不可以在have/has后直接加not，而要借助一般现在时助动词do/does来表示否定和疑问。have作实义动词时可以用于各种时态。

I have my lunch at twelve every day. I don't have my lunch at twelve every day. Do you have your lunch at twelve every day?

have/has 实义动词，有时可以代替一些普通动词，如吃、喝、跳、游泳等

eat one's lunch/have one's lunch；take/have some medicine；have a swim；have a chat(talk/walk)；have a rest；have/ take a break；have a cup of coffee；eat one's lunch/have one's lunch

3、have可以作为助动词，其一，用于现在完成时。其二，没有实际意义。 have/has/haven't/hasn't. I have been to H.K.. She has been to U.S.A..

4、have（have got）常与表示疼痛和疾病的名词连用。 ① 有的前面要加不定冠词，有些可加可不加不定冠词 have a cold；have (a) backache/tomach ache/toothache

② 复数形式的疾病名称前面不用冠，如measles（麻疹），mumps（流行性腮腺炎），shingles（带子状疱疹）

Most children are in bed with mumps.

③ 被认为不可数的疾病名称前面不用冠词，如flu（流行性感冒），gout（痛风），hepatitis（肝炎） I was in bed with flu for ten days. the也可以与flu，measles和mumps等词连用 He’s got the flu/the measles/the mumps. [课文]

LADY: LADY:

LADY: LADY:

I want some envelopes, please. The large size, please.

Do you have any writing paper?

I only have large one. Do you want a pad? Yes, please. And I want some glue. And I want a large box of chalk, too.

SHOP ASSISTANT: Do you want the large size or the small size?

SHOP ASSISTANT: Yes, we do. I don't have any small pads.

SHOP ASSISTANT: A bottle of glue.

SHOP ASSISTANT: I only have small boxes. LADY: LADY: LADY: [课文注解]

1、Do you want the large size or small size?

这句话是选择疑问句，逗号前的size读升调，后者读降调。

2、What else do you want?

“What else…?” 可以看作是表示疑问句的一个短语，意思是“还有什么吗？”。else常接在疑问代词、不定代词及疑问副词后，表示“此外”、“别的”、“其他的”。

What else…? 还有什么……？ Who else…? 还有谁……？ Who else do you want to see? Where else…? 还有什么地方……？ Where else do you want to go? Which else…? When else …?

When else shall we meet again?

Do you want one? No, thank you. That's all, thank you. I want my change.

SHOP ASSISTANT: Is that all?

SHOP ASSISTANT: What else do you want?

Lesson 61 A bad cold

[词汇]（12）

feel look must call doctor telephone remember mouth tongue bad cold news [

] [

v. 感觉 v. 看（起来） modal verb 必须 v. 叫，请 n. 医生 n. 电话 v. 记得，记住 n. 嘴 open your mouth n. 舌头 show me your tongue adj. 坏的，严重的 bad cold n. 感冒

] n. 消息 good news

★feel v. 感觉 ① v. 觉得；感到；意识到 I could feel rain on my face. 我感觉到到雨点打在我的脸上。

He’s feeling a little better today. 他今天感觉好点了。 ② v. 摸，触；（客体）给人某种感觉

He felt his pockets and then took out a small box. The silk feels very smooth. ③ v. 认为；以为；相信

I feel it unnecessary to do so. 我认为这样做没必要。

feeling n. 感情

express one’s feeling 表达某人的情感 hide one’s feeling 隐藏…… hurt one’s feeling 伤害……

★look v. 看（起来） look at =宾语

look at the blackboard look for 寻找

What are you looking for? look down on(upon) 瞧不起

The rich always look down upon the poor. look out 小心 look out of the window

look forward to 希望，期望，渴望，，后边接名词或动词ing形式 look into 向……里面看

Don’t make friends with the people who dare not look into your eyes. look after照顾

look 表示看的动作 see 表示看的内容、结果 watch 观看移动的东西 observe 表示观察

spot 很难分辨的东西中突然看到一点 spotlight 聚焦 beauty spot 风景点 view 察看 stare 盯着看

glimpse 瞥到，不经意看到 glance 匆匆地看 notice 注意到

witness 目击 scan 浏览

★remember v. 记得，记住 ① v. 记得；回忆

I remember he used to dress in a blue suit. 我记得他从前常穿一套蓝色衣服。 ② v. 记住；牢记；不忘记

I tried hard to remember the long passage of Shakespeare. 我努力记住莎士比亚的大段说白。

Remember your appointment with the dentist. 别忘了你和牙医的预约。

★tongue n. 舌头 show me your tongue tongue twister [mother tongue 母语

have a dirty tongue 爱说脏话 have a bitter tongue 尖酸刻薄

If you want your eyes beautiful, you should always see something good of others. If you want your lips sexy, you should always say something good of others. If you want to keep a good figure, you should always share the food with others. [语法]

主语+系动词+表语

系动词：be动词，感官动词

主系表结构，其中系动词（link-verb）包括be动词和感官动词。be动词后可跟形容词和名词；感官动词后多加形容词做表语。 主系表结构的句子中，表语一般是形容词、代词和名词充当。

感官动词：feel/smell/look/taste I feel happy.

The food smells terrible. She looks sad. This tastes good. [课文]

MR. WILLIAMS: Where's Jimmy? MRS. WILLIAMS: He's in bed.

MR. WILLIAMS: What's the matter with him? MRS. WILLIAMS: He feels ill. MR. WILLIAMS: He looks ill.

MRS. WILLIAMS: We must call the doctor. MR. WILLIAMS: Yes, we must.

] n. 绕口令

MR. WILLIAMS: Can you remember the doctor's telephone number? MRS. WILLIAMS: Yes. It's 09754.

DOCTOR: Open your mouth, Jimmy. Show me your tongue. Say, \"Ah'. MR. WILLIAMS: What's the matter with him, doctor?

DOCTOR: He has a bad cold, Mr. Williams, so he must stay in bed for a week. MRS. WILLIAMS: That's good new for Jimmy. DOCTOR: Good news? Why?

MR. WILLIAMS: Because he doesn't like school! [课文注释]

1、What's the matter with him?

What’s the matter with…?常用来询问人或事物的状况，常作“是否有问题？”“有否有麻烦”讲。

2、feel ill 感觉病了；look ill 看起来有病

前者指自我感觉，后者指外表形象。Ill是表语，look和feel都是系动词，后面跟形容词。

Lesson 62 What's the matter with them?

What must they do?

[单词]（11）

headache aspirin [earache toothache dentist stomachache medicine temperature flu measles [mumps[

★headache n. 头痛

headache前常用不定冠词a，其他ache型的复合词也多用不定冠词，如an earache，a toothache，a stomach ache。

★aspirin [

★temperature n. 温度 have a temperature 发烧

] n. 阿斯匹林(解热镇痛药), 乙酰水杨酸

take/have an aspririn 服/吃一片阿司匹林

]

n. 头痛

] n. 阿斯匹林(解热镇痛药), 乙酰水杨酸 n. 耳痛 n. 牙痛 n. 牙医 n. 胃痛 n. 药 n. 温度 n. 流行性感冒

] n. [医]麻疹, 风疹, 包虫病, 痧子 n. 腮腺炎

Lesson 63 Thank you, doctor

[词汇]（7）

better certainly get up yet rich food remain

★better adj. 形容词well的比较级 good —> better —> best

Better late than never. 亡羊补牢为时未晚。

Better safe than sorry. 稳妥一点总是要比后悔要好。 for better for worse 不论好坏（更多侧重于同甘共苦）

I am your friend, so for better for worse, I will always be with you ,I will always be on your side. for better or worse 不管如何

had better do sth. 最好做什么事情（更适用于年龄相仿之间对话） had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事 You had better not telephone in the class.

★yet adv. 还，仍 yet更多用于否定句中

★rich adj. 油腻的，富有的 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人

★remain v. 保持，继续 ① v. 留下；停留

You’d better remain at home.

We’re going to remain in Rome for another two days. 我们准备再在罗马逗留两天。 ② v. 保持不变

It will remain cold for a couple of days. 天气还将持续冷几天。 Most people remained silent at the meeting. [语法]

each和every的区别：

each强调个体；它是adj.&pron.，形容词起修饰限定作用，代词可单独使用；each指两个或两个以上中的每一个。

each boy each of the boys

adj. 形容词well的比较级 adv. 当然 起床 adv. 还，仍 adj. 油腻的，富有的 n. 食物 v. 保持，继续

each of my hands each of my parents each of the students

every强调整体；它只能做adj.；every指三个或三个以上的每一个。 every student（不能写为every of the student） every one of my fingers [课文]

DOCTOR: DOCTOR: DOCTOR:

DOCTOR: DOCTOR: [课文注释]

You must stay in bed for another two days. for another two days别外再两天

How’s Jimmy today?

Can I see him please, Mrs. Williams? You look very well, Jimmy.

You are better now, but you mustn’t get up yet. You must stay in bed for another two days. The boy musn’t go to school yet, Mrs. Williams. And he mustn’t eat rich food. No, he doesn’t.

Yes. He must remain in bed for another two days. He can get up for about two hours each day, but you must keep the room warm. Where’s Mr. Williams this evening? Can you see him please? He has a bad cold, too!

MRS. WILLIAMS: Better. Thank you, doctor. MRS. WILLIAMS: Certainly, doctor. Come upstairs.

MRS. WILLIAMS: Does he have a temperature, doctor? MRS. WILLIAMS: Must he stay in bed?

MRS. WILLIAMS: He’s in bed, doctor.

Lesson Don't … You mustn't …

[词汇]（10）

play match talk library drive so quickly lean out of

v. 玩 n. 火柴 v. 谈话 n. 图书馆 v. 开车 adv. 如此地 adv. 快地 身体探出

break noise

★play v. 玩 ① v. 玩，做游戏

v. 打破 n. 喧闹声

The children are playing in the garden. play with 玩……（东西） play with matches 玩火柴 ② v. 参加（体育活动、比赛等） Let’s play chess! ③ n. 玩耍；娱乐

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不娱乐会使人变呆的。

★noise n. 喧闹声

make a noise中的noise是抽象名词。抽象名词是不可数的，前面加不定冠词a并不意味1、2、3等数目，只是赋予那个名词具体的含义，如一次、一种、一例、一番等。如：

have a rest 休息一下 take a look at… 看一眼……

★break v. 打破 ① v. 打破；使碎裂

He broke a leg in the accident. 他在这起事故中摔断了一条腿。 ② v. 损坏；弄坏

You shouldn’t have bought such expensive toys for him because he will simply break them. ③ v. 破坏；违反

Any one who breaks the law should be punished. 任何触犯法律的人都应受到惩罚。 The student who broke the school regulations was severely criticized. 那位违反了校规的学生受到了严厉的批评。 [语法]

禁令Don’t and Mustn’t

don’t “不要”一般的不要做什么事，告诫，劝告

mustn’t“不许，不要”，表示坚决制止，不许可，语气更坚决强烈 [课文]

take any aspirins 吃药 take this medicine 吃药 call the doctor 请大夫 play with matches 玩火柴 talk in the library 在图书馆 make a noise 发出噪音

lean out of the window 身体探出 break that vase 打破花瓶

Lesson 65 Not a baby

[词汇]（8）

Dad key baby hear enjoy yourself ourselves mum

★key n. 钥匙 adj.关键的

the key to the front door 前门的钥匙

★hear v. 听见 ① v. 听见

Can you hear me? 你能听到吗？ Do you hear? 你听见了吗？ ② v. 倾听，认真听

We’d better hear what he has to say.

hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 I hear from my mother every week. hear of 听说

listen 听，正在听 listen to…

He listened but could hear nothing. listening 听力

★enjoy v. 玩得快活 ① v. 过得快活

enjoy+ 反身代词：玩得高兴

She enjoyed herself in the vacation. ② v. 乐于；喜爱

enjoy+ n.（物体） 喜欢…… I enjoyed that meal. enjoy+ Ving+ sth. 喜欢做某事

n. 爸（儿语） n. 钥匙 adj.关键的 n. 婴儿 v. 听见 v. 玩得快活 pron.你自己 pron.我们自己 n. 妈妈

③ v. 享有，享受

We all enjoy our legal rights.

★yourself pron.你自己 selfish adj. 自私的 selfishness n. 自私

self-centered adj. 自我为中心的 [语法]

日期的表达：

通常使用介词on表示星期几（on Monday）、一天中的某段时间（on Monday morning）、日期（on April 1st）、星期几+日期（on Monday, April 1st）、具体时间（on that day）、周年纪念日（on your birthday）以及节日（on Christmas Day）等。

反身代词：

当宾语和主语是同一个人时，一般需要用反身代词 The old lady is talking to herself.

反身代词也可与名词连用，表达“就是那个人而不是别人”的意思。 We went there ourselves.

They wanted to finish the work themselves. [课文]

FATHER: What are you going to do this evening, Jill? JILL: I'm going to meet some friends, Dad. FATHER: You mustn't come home late. You must be home at half past ten. JILL: I can't get home so early, Dad!

Can I have the key to the front door please?

FATHER: No, you can't.

MOTHER: Jill's eighteen years old, Tom. She's not a baby. Give her the key.

She always comes home early. FATHER: Oh, all right! FATHER: Here you are.

But you mustn't come home after a quarter past eleven. Do you hear?

JILL: Yes, Dad. Thanks, Mum. MOTHER: That's all right. Goodbye.

Enjoy yourself!

JILL: We always enjoy ourselves, Mum. Bye-bye.

[课文注释]

1、I'm going to meet some friends, Dad.

dad和mum前如没有所有格代词或名词所有格作修饰语，就特指自己的父母亲，要大写。father和mather也是如此。

2、We always enjoy ourselves, Mum. Bye-bye.

Bye-bye为非正式的告别语，非正式的告别语还有So long，See you或I’ll be seeing you等。正式的告别语是Goodbye，而夜里向人告别时用Good night。

I will tell you the mean ideal of the dialogue.

This dialogue is about three people. Jill, a girl who is eighteen years old and her parents. Jill has some friends and they often get together. Tonight Jill is going to meet her friends. She says she can’t get home early, so she wants to have the key to the front door, but her father doesn’t want to give her key. Later her mother helped her, her father gave her the key to the front door, but her father told her that she must come home at some certain time.

Lesson 66 What’s the time?

[词汇]（4）

myself themselves himself herself

pron. 我自己 pron. 他们自己 pron. 他自己 pron. 她自己

Lesson 67 The weekend

[词汇]（14）

greengrocer absent Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday keep spend weekend Friday Saturday Sunday country lucky

n. 蔬菜水果零售商 adj. 缺席的 n. 星期一 n. 星期二 n. 星期三 n. 星期四

v. （身体健康）处于（状况） v. 度过 n. 周末 n. 星期五 n. 星期六 n. 星期日 n. 乡村 adj. 幸运的

★greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果零售商

在英文中，表示店铺、住宅、公共机构、公共建筑物以及教堂的名字或某人家时，名词所有格后常不出现它所修饰的名词：

at the greengrocer's (shop) 在蔬菜水果店 at the butcher's (shop) 在肉店里 at the dentist's (office) 在牙医的诊所 at the hairdresser's (shop) 在理发店 at the stationer’s (shop) 在文具店 at my mother's house = at my mother's

I am going to stay at my mother's this Friday. They are going to stay at her mother's this weekend.

★absent adj. 缺席的 be absent from 不在，缺席 be absent from school 缺课 be absent from work 旷工 She is often absent from school.

★keep v. （身体健康）处于（状况） ① v. 使保持某状态；保持 Keep the fire burning. ② v. 保存；保留

He would not be able to keep his job. 他恐怕保不住他那份工作了。 ③ v. 保守；储藏

Would you keep my things for me while I’m away? 在我离开的这段时间里，你能为我保管一下东西吗？

★spend v. 度过 ① v. 花（时间等）；度过 spend + n./pron. 度过 spend my holiday

We are going to spend three days at my mother’s. I want to spend my holiday in the country this weekend.

I hope that you wouldn’t spend so much time watching television. Where are the Johnsons going to spend the weekend? ② v. 用（钱），花费 spend 时间/金钱 + on +sth.

Women spend a lot of money on clothes. Children spend a lot of time on Internet.

At present, more and more people have come to realize that more money should be spent on health and education.

目前，越来越多的人已开始认识到：应该在健康和教育方面多花些钱。

spend 时间/金钱 +(in) doing sth.

The manager spent 2 hours explaining the plan at the meeting.

spend 人作主语

expend 花费很大量，更多的主语是或一个机构[数额较大，比较正式的用法] cost [物做主语，表示物的售价] It cost me …

I bought a new necklace, it costs me 2000 dollars. afford 人作主语，支付得起，腾出时间 I can’t afford it.

I want to have a picnic with some of my friends, but they can’t afford some time for me. I can afford one day for you. take [花时间]

It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me 3 hours to explain this plan. pay [人做主语，人为某物付钱]

★country n. 乡村 ① n. 国家；国土；故乡

India, a former British colony, is now a fully independent country. 曾一度为英国殖民地的印度如今已是一个完全的国家。 ② n. 乡下，乡村

the country = the countryside 乡下

country表示“农村”时，前面一定要加定冠词the。 ③ adj. 乡下的；乡村风味的

I prefer country life to life in the city. 乡村生活与城市生活相比，我更喜欢乡村生活。

After nearly thirty years in the city, he’s still country. 他在城里住了将近三十年，可还是土气十足。

★lucky adj. 幸运的 ① adj. 有好运的，幸运的

She was lucky to get such a well-paid job. 她能得到这样一个报酬优厚的工作真幸运。 ② adj. 侥幸的，碰巧的

He didn’t really know the answer - it was just a lucky guess. 他并非真知道答案——那不过是个侥幸的猜测。 It’s lucky he’s here. 他碰巧在这儿。

luck ——lucky lucky dog 幸运儿

luck n. 命运 good luck

have no luck 没有运气 by pure luck 纯粹靠运气 try one’s luck 试试某人的运气 fate 命运 destiny 宿命 That’s my destiny. [语法]

一般过去时

概念：描述过去的事实或状态，描述过去的动作。在英语中，非现在的以前都叫过去。过去发生的而现在已经结束的动作要用一般过去时来表示。

1、表示过去某个点上特定的时间存在的状态，事实，或发生的动作。 2、表示在过去的一段时间内经常发生的动作或反复的习惯。 be动词is的过去式是was、are是were

肯定句：S+was/ were/ v(e)d …age /yesterday/ just now 否定句：S+ wasn’t/ weren’t/ didn’t +V(原形) 一般疑问句：was/ were+ S+ …?

Did +S +V原+ …?

回答：Yes, S+ was/ were/ did.

No, S+ wasn’t/weren’t /didn’t

动词的过去式变化

动词的过去式分为规则和不规则变化两种： 规则变化：

1、一般的动词后面直接加-ed ① 清辅音后面加ed，读[] asked [ jumped [ cleaned [ lied [ waited [③ d/t +ed [id]

2、单词末尾是e的直接加d，e+d发音规则同上 believe, argue, waste believed, argued, wasted

3、如果是辅音字母加y结尾的单词，要把y变i加ed 辅音+y ——>i+ed

study -> studied, empty -> emptied, cry -> cried play -> played，enjoy -> enjoyed

]

] ] ] ]

② 浊辅音或元音后面加ed，读[]

empty -> empties -> emptied -> emptying

4、单词是以短元音加一个辅音结尾，这个辅音要双写加ed 短元音+辅音字母——>双写辅音字母+

不规则变化：

buy -> bought -> bought find -> found -> found get -> got -> got have -> had -> had hear -> heard -> heard leave -> left -> left

否定疑问句：

否定疑问句表示双重肯定，表示说话者惊异的情绪、责难的口吻或赞叹；也可表示说话者的某种建议、邀请、请求或看法等。

Haven’t I asked you? 难道我没问过你吗？ Aren’t you a student?

Can’t you wait a moment? 你不能等一会儿吗？

回答这种问题这种问题时用简略回答。如果答语是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答语是否定的，就用No。但答语的汉语译法有特殊之处。

Don’t you know English? Yes, I do. 不，我懂。 [课文]

MRS.JOHNSON: Hello. Were you at the butcher's?

MRS.WILLIAMS: Yes, I was. Were you at the butcher's, too? MRS.JOHNSON: No, I wasn't.

I was at the greengrocer's. How's Jimmy today? MRS.WILLIAMS: He's very well, thank you.

MRS.JOHNSON: Was he absent from school last week? MRS.WILLIAMS: Yes, he was.

He was absent on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Tuesday. MRS.WILLIAMS: How are you all keeping? MRS.JOHNSON: Very well, thank you.

We're going to spend three days in the country. We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend. MRS.WILLIAMS: Friday, Saturday and Sunday in the country! Aren't you lucky!

lose -> lost -> lose make -> made -> made meet -> met -> met send -> sent -> sent sweep -> swept -> swept tell -> told -> told

chat -> chatted, stop -> stopped, beg -> begged, fit -> fitted

[课文注释]

It is a story about two women, Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Williams. They are talking about a boy called Jimmy. Jimmy is a middle school student and he was ill last week, and he was absent from school last week and Mrs. Williams is Jimmy’s mother.

1、We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend. stay in bed 呆在床上

in the bed 在床上（躺在床上） on the bed 坐在床上

stay at home 呆在家里（home作名词） stay home （home做副词）

2、We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend. for the weekend 整个周末这几天时间 at the weekend 强调时间的某一点

Lesson 68 What's the time?

[词汇]（4）

church dairy baker grocer

n. 教堂 n. 乳品店 n. 面包师傅 n. 食品杂货商

Lesson 69 The car race

[词汇]（11）

year race town crowd stand exciting just finish winner behind way

n. 年

n. 比赛 （强调竞技性强、激烈的） n. 城填 n. 人群 v. 站立 adj. 使人激动的 adv. 正好，恰好 n. 结尾，结束 n. 获胜者 prep.在……之后 n. 路途（抽象）

★race n. 比赛 car race 车赛 in the race 在比赛中 at the race 在赛场上

★crowd n. 人群 in the crowd：在人群中 You can see us in the crowd. crowd v.挤上去

crowd into 拥护，挤进…… get on the bus 上公共汽车 crowd into the bus 挤公共汽车

I get up at 7 o'clock every morning. Then I crowd into the bus. crowded adj.拥挤的

Well, my life is just terrible. Every day I have to get up very early and go to work. And I work in an office. Well, I am very busy everyday. My boss is very cruel to me. I have to work very long every day and I don’t have too much money to take a taxi or buy a car. So every day I have to stand in the crowd for a long time and I have to wait for the bus and when the bus comes, and everyone tries to crowd into the bus, and it is very crowded in the bus. Well, yesterday morning I got up very late and I rushed to the bus stop, it was very crowded there too and I was standing in the crowd. When the bus came and I crowed into the bus again. Of course it was very crowded too. I had to stand in the crowd. Well, that is my terrible life.

★stand v. 站立 ① v. 站立，起立

They stood because there were no seats. 没有座位，所以他们只好站着。

② v. （建筑物）直立，耸立；（植物）直立生长 Look at the corn standing in the fields! 瞧那长在地里的玉米！

★finish n. 结尾，结束 ① n. 结束；最后阶段（或部分） an exciting finish

At eleven the dinner finally dragged to a finish. 宴会拖到11点才结束。 The finish of the race was very exciting. ② n. 完美，完善；（举止等）优雅

His dancing lacks finish. 他的舞跳得并不完美。

We hoped that four years of college would give hime some finish. 我们希望4年的大学教育会使他有些教养。 ③ v. 完成

finish (v. )+ doing sth.

I finished reading that book last work.

★way n. 路途（抽象） way 想象中抽象的路

on one’s way home/ to school on the way (home)/ to school

road：路，城市与乡间的路，国道，指具体的路 3 ring road 三环路 street：街道 lane：胡同

path：路径，林间小路 route：路线 highway：高速路

By the way=BTW 顺便说一下 This way, please! 请这边走 in this way 用这种方法 [语法]

用介词at，on和in的时间短语

1、用介词at的时间短语通常可表示：确切的时间（at 10 o’clock），用餐时间（at lunchtime），其他时刻（at noon），节日（at Christmas），年龄（at the age of 27）等。

介词at可表示地点，通常用于某个小地点之前。 at the butcher’s；at the office

2、介词on用于周和月份中的任何一天之前。

3、用介词in的时间短语：一天中的某段时间（in the evening），月份（in March），年份（in 1997），季节（in spring），世纪（in the 20th century），节日（in Easter week在复活节那一周），时期（in the holidays）等。

[课文]

There is a car race near our town every year. In 1995, there was a very big race.

There were hundreds of people there. My wife and I were at the race. Our friends Julie and Jack were there, too. You can see us in the crowd. We are standing on the left.

There were twenty cars in the race. There were English cars, French cares, German cars, Italian cars, American cars and Japanese cars.

It was an exciting finish. The winner was Billy Stewart. He was in car number fifteen. Five other cars were just behind him.

On the way home, my wife said to me, 'Don't drive so quickly! You're not Billy Stewart!' [课文注释]

1、hundreds of…，数以百计的……，用来表示不确定数量的复数形式。类似的结构还有thounds of

（数以千计的），millions of（数以万计的）。当“百”或“千”等计量单位在前面有具体的数字时，hundred不可以用复数形式。

表示具体的几百、几千，hundred，thousand（千），million（百万）这些词前面有具体的数字时，本身要加-s，如five hundreds，two millions。

2、on the way home，在回家的途中，on the way是指“在……的途中”。

3、car number fifteen，第15号车。在表示编了号的东西时，可以用基数词表示顺序： Bus No. 332 第332路公共汽车 Question 10 第10个问题

Lesson 70 When were they there?

[词汇]（2）

stationer Denmark

n. 文具店 n. 丹麦

Lesson 71 He's awful!

[词汇]（8）

awful telephone time answer last phone again say (said)

★awful adj. 让人讨厌的，坏的

awfully adv. 非常（在表示负面的情景中，可用awfully代替very） I am awfully(very) sorry.

★time n. 次（数）

time在英语中作不可数名词时表示“时间”；作可数名词时表示“次数”，三次或三次以上通常用基数词+times表示：

once，twice，three times on time 按时，准时 in time 及时 all the time 一直

I’ve been waiting here all the time. once upon a time 很久很久以前

adj. 让人讨厌的，坏的 v. & n. 打电话；电话 n. 次（数） v. 接（电话） adj. 最后的，前一次的 n. 电话（=telephone） dv. 又一次地 v. 说

cheat the time 打发时间

We are cheating the time by playing cards. watch one’s time 等待时机 I’m watching my time. of the time 当时 make time 腾出时间

Time will tell. 时间会证明一切。

Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。 Time heals all wounds. 时间会治愈所有的创伤。

★answer v. 接（电话） ① v. 对……作出反应；响应 answer the phone/telephone 接电话 answer the door/doorbell 应声开门

Mary took a few minutes to answer the door. 玛丽拖了几分钟时间才去开门。 ② v. 回答；答复 answer a letter 回信

I don’t think you’ve answered my question. 我认为你没有回答我的问题。 ③ n. 答案；解决办法；答复

I wrote him several letters but couldn’t get an answer. 我给他写了好几封信，可都没有回音。 Do you know the answer to Question 10?

This is one of the possible answers to today’s environmental problems. 这是有可能解决当今环境问题的办法之一。 [课文]

JANE: What's Ron Marston like, Pauline? PAULINE: He's awful!

He telephoned me four times yesterday,

and three times the day before yesterday.

PAULINE: He telephoned the office yesterday morning and yesterday afternoon. PAULINE: My boss answered the telephone. JANE: What did your boss say to him?

PAULINE: He said, \"Pauline is typing letters. She can't speak to you now!\" PAULINE: Then I arrived home at six o'clock yesterday evening.

He telephoned again. But I didn't answer the phone!

JANE: Did he telephone again last night? PAULINE: Yes, he did.

He telephoned at nine o'clock. JANE: What did you say to him?

PAULINE: I said, 'This is Pauline's mother. JANE: [课文注释]

1、What's Ron Marston like, Pauline? What is sb. like? 询问某人的外貌或品行。 What's your father like? what’s … like? 什么怎么样？

What's the climate like in your country? What's the weather like in spring?

2、speak to sb. 与某人说话 May I speak to Pauline, please? I’d like to speak to Pauline, please. 在电话中回答：This is….

3、pretend as 假装

She pretended herself as her mother.

Please don't telephone my daughter again!' Did he telephone again?

PAULINE: No, he didn't!

Lesson 72 When did you … ?

today this morning this afternoon this evening tonight yesterday yesterday morning yesterday afternoon yesterday evening last night

the day before yesterday

the day before yesterday in the morning the day before yesterday in the afternoon the day before yesterday in the evening the night before last

Lesson 73 The way to King Street

[词汇]（13）

week London suddenly bus stop smile pleasantly speak (spoke) hand pocket phrasebook phrase slowly

★week n. 周

this week, last week等，前面不能加介词 the week before last 上上周 the week after next 下下周

★understand (understood) v. 懂，明白 ① v. 理解；懂

I don’t understand what you mean. ② v. 明了；了解；得知

Only today have I begun to understand the political situation in Northern Ireland. 直到今天我才了解了北爱尔兰的政治局势。

How the machine works is still not fully understood.

★hand n. 手 finger 手指 thumb：大拇指

index finger/forefinger：食指 middle finger：中指 ring finger：无名指 little finger：小指

raise your hand：举手 wave (one's) hand：挥手

give sb. a (big) hand：（热烈的）给某人鼓掌；帮助某人，帮帮我 read one's hand：看手相

n. 周 n. 伦敦 adv. 突然地 公共汽车站 v. 微笑 adv. 愉快地

v. 讲，说（说话的动作；讲某种语言） n. 手 n. 衣袋

n. 短语手册，常用语手册 n. 短语 adv. 缓慢地

understand (understood) v. 懂，明白

on the other hand：另一方面 have over 支出

hand in/out 上交作业，发作业

Ask the monitor to hand out the homework.

This is your homework for today, you must hand in your homework.

★phrasebook n. 短语手册，常用语手册

Put your hand into your pocket. Take out your phrasebook.

★lose v. （使）迷路 ① v. 迷失；（使）迷路 lose one’s way 迷路

It’s very easy to lose your way in a strange city. ② v. 失去；丧失

He lost his sight in a car accident. 他在一起汽车交通事故中失明了。 She has just lost her job because of carelessness. ③ v. 遗失；丢失

We lost her in the crowd.

I can’t enter my house because I’ve lost my key on my way home. [课文]

Last week Mrs. Mills went to London. She does not know London very well, and she lost her way. Suddenly, she saw a man near a bus stop. 'I can ask him the way.' she said to herself. 'Excuse me,' she said. 'Can you tell me the way to King Street, please?'

The man smiled pleasantly. He did not understand English! He spoke German. He was a tourist. Then he put his hand into pocket, and took out a phrasebook.

He opened the book and found a phrase. He read the phrase slowly. 'I am sorry,' he said. 'I do not speak English.'

[课文注释]

1、She does not know London very well. know …well“对……了解”。 I don’t know him very well. 2、ask (sb.) the way （向某人）问路。 lost one’s way 迷路

3、say to oneself 心中暗想 talk to oneself 自言自语地说

4、Can you tell me the way to King Street, please? tell sb. the way (to) 告诉某人（去……的）路

Lesson 74 What did they do?

[词汇]（5）

hurriedly cut(cut) thirstily go(went) greet

★cut(cut) v. 割，切 cut himself = cut his face

以整体代替部分是英语中的一种修辞格，叫提喻（merism）。 [语法]

副词的用法

副词可以通过修饰动词说明句中的某个动词的情况，说明某事是如何、何时、何地等发生或进行的。 1、时间副词：yesterday, tomorrow, next …, three days …, before，today，the day after tomorrow，the day before yesterday

2、地点副词：home, abroad, downtown, upstairs, downstairs，there，here 时间和地点副词前面都不能加介词。 3、程度副词：so, very, quite, rather

程度副词一般加在形容词或副词前面，加强一种程度。 pretty: (adj.)漂亮的; (adv.)非常，很 enough：足够 good enough so good, very good

4、频率副词：always, sometimes, usually, often, ever, never

放在be动词之后，行为动词之前；助动词和行为动词之间。表示强调则可放在句首或句末。 5、方式副词：

形容词的作用：放在名词前面起修饰限定的作用；放在be动词后面起叙述作用。 副词的作用：起修饰动词的作用。 S+ vi. +方式副词

S+ vt. +O（宾语）+方式副词

副词的构成： 1、adj.+ -ly

2、以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i，再加y 3、形容词和副词同形 late——late lately 最近

She is always late. （adj.） She arrives home late. （adv.）

well——well

hard——hard

adv. 匆忙地 v. 割，切 adv. 口渴地 v. 走

v. 问候，打招呼

Lesson 75 Uncomfortable shoes

[词汇]（6）

ago buy(bough) pair fashion uncomfortable wear(wore)

★ago adv. 以前

ago 用于一般过去时；从现在的以前 I went to London three days ago. She left 30 minutes ago.

Long long ago, there lived a king.

before 只能用于过去完成式；是从过去的某一点算起

Before I arrived at the station yesterday, the train had already left.

★buy v. 买

buy——buys——bought

I buy a new book every week.

My sister buys a new dress every week. I bought a coat in Paris last month. sell 卖 retail 零售

purchase 正式的购买，大宗购物 market n. 市场,v. 销售

marketing manager 市场经理、销售经理 get 得到（口语）

★fashion n. （服装的）流行式样 fashionable 时尚 be in fashion 是流行的

They are not in fashion this year. be out of fashion 不流行 smart 巧妙，时髦

★uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 ① adj. 不舒服的

She feels uncomfortable in tight boots. ② adj. 不安的；不自在的

You’ll have an uncomfortable feeling if you sit there alone.

adv. 以前 v. 买 n. 双，对

n. （服装的）流行式样 adj. 不舒服的 v. 穿着

He often feels uncomfortable with strangers. ③ adj. 令人不舒服的，不舒适的

This pair of shoes look very uncomfortable.

comfort 安慰，舒适

comfortable adj. 舒服的、舒适的

★wear v. 穿着 wear/wears/wore/wearing

I wear the same coats every day. He wears a tie every day.

The lady is wearing a beautiful dress. ① v. 穿着；戴着；佩带着

Look at the beautiful silk scarf she’s wearing! She never wears perfume. 她从不用香水。 ② v. 面带；呈现；保持

He’s wearing a cheerful smile.

He wears his dignity even in great adversity. 他即使身处逆境也仍保持着自己的尊严。

wear 表穿着的状态

That girl wears a pink shirt every day. put on 表穿上的动作 Please put on your coat.

be dressed in 穿着……衣服，侧重打扮的意味 dress sb. 给某人打扮，穿衣服

My mother must dress my brother every day.

The lady was dressed in a funny coat and a large hat at the party last night. in+ 颜色 穿……颜色的衣服 a girl in white have…on 表状态

The emperor has nothing on. [语法]

宾语从句

名词性从句分为三种：表语从句、主语从句、宾语从句。

宾语从句是名词性从句的一类，在主从复合句中，由一个句子来充当宾语，就是宾语从句。 一般是名词或代词做宾语，宾语一般是跟在动词或介词后 I want an apple.

in front of the window；some of them

主从复合句：主语从句，表语从句，定语从句，状语从句，宾语从句

宾语从句跟在两类词后：

1、 表示人的情感或心理活动的形容词 S+ be+ adj. + 宾语从句

afraid/ sure/ sorry/ glad/ anxious/ confident/ proud

主句和宾语从句中有that连接，后边加句子。当主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。 I am afraid that I can't come tomorrow. I am sorry that I didn't go yesterday. I am glad that you can help them. 2、S+ v. +that +从句

think/ know/ believe/ say/ hope/ understand 主语（人）+这类动词+that+从句 She knows that you will come. I believe I can fly. [课文]

LADY: LADY:

Do you have any shoes like these? Size five.

SHOP ASSISTANT: What size? SHOP ASSISTANT: What colour? LADY: Black.

SHOP ASSISTANT: I'm sorry. We don't have any.

LADY: But my sister bought this pair last month. SHOP ASSISTANT: Did she buy them here? LADY: LADY:

LADY:

No, she bought them in the U.S. Can you get a pair for me, please?

They were in fashion last year and the year before last. But they're not in fashion this year. These shoes are in fashion now. They look very uncomfortable.

But women always wear uncomfortable shoes!

SHOP ASSISTANT: We had some shoes like those a month ago, but we don't have any now. SHOP ASSISTANT: I'm afraid that I can't.

SHOP ASSISTANT: They are very uncomfortable.

Lesson 77 Terrible toothache

[词汇]（3）

appointment urgent till

n. 约会，预约 adj. 紧急的，急迫的 prep. 直至…为止

★appointment[] n. 约会，预约

have an appointment (with sb.) （与某人）有约会

Once you’ve make an appointment, you should try to keep it. 一旦你定好约会的事情，那么你应努力守约。 make an appointment change an appointment

When will it be conveniet for you?

appoint v. 分配；认命 appointed 被任命的 appointer 委派者，任命者 appointee 被任命者

appointment 约会，任命，普通约会

have a appointment with sb. 和某人有个预约 date 男女情人之间的约会

★urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的 ① adj. 紧迫的；急迫的

The children in that area are in urgent need of medical attention. 那个地区的孩子们急需得到医疗方面的关注。 ② adj. 催促的；坚持要求的

The cries and shouts became louder and more urgent. [课文]

NURSE: Good morning, Mr. Croft. MR. CROFT: Good morning, nurse.

I want to see the dentist, please. NURSE: Do you have an appointment? MR. CROFT: No, I don't. NURSE: Is it urgent?

MR. CROFT: Yes, it is. It's very urgent.

I feel awful. I have a terrible toothache. NURSE: Can you come at 10 a.m. on Monday, April 24th? MR. CROFT: I must see the dentist now, nurse. NURSE: The dentist is very busy at the moment. Can you come at 2 p.m.? MR. CROFT: That's very late.

Can the dentist see me now? NURSE: I'm afraid that he can't, Mr. Croft.

Can't you wait till this afternoon?

MR. CROFT: I can wait, but my toothache can't!

[课文注释]

1、I want to see the dentist, please.

I want to see sb. , please这一句式是表示想见某人时常用的句式之一。

2、Can you come at 10 a.m. on Monday, April 24th?

Can you come at…? 这一句式通常用来约定见面时间。英语中的时间次序一般是从小到大。a.m.（=ante meridiem）上午，有时写成A.M.或AM；下午则是p.m.（=post meridiem），有时写成P.M.或PM。

3、Can't you wait till this afternoon? 情态动词的否定疑问句，表示请求。

Lesson 79 Carol's shopping list

[词汇]（7）

shopping list vegetable need hope thing money

★shopping n. 购物 go shopping do some shopping

shopping center 购物中心 shopping mall 商业街区

make a shopping list 制作购物清单

★need v. 需要 ① v. 需要

Does he need to know? ② n. 需要（物）；必要

There is no need of worrying. 不必担心。

There’s a growing need of new housing in many cities. 许多城市正面临着对新建房屋的不断增长的需求。 We don’t have any urgent need for money.

★hope v. 希望 ① v. 希望；盼望；期待 hope to do sth.

n. 购物 n. 单子 n. 蔬菜 v. 需要 v. 希望 n. 事情 n. 钱

I hope to study abroad next year. hope that

I hope that I/you study abroad next year. ② n. 希望，期望；指望

We are full of hope for the future.

Where there is life, there is hope.[留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。] ③ n. 期望着的事；被寄予希望的人

His hope is that his son will get married and settle down soon. 他所希望的是他儿子能早点结婚，安顿下来。

He is a young man of genius, the hope of Russian poetry. 他是一位年轻的天才，是俄罗斯诗歌的希望所在。

wish 不真实的一些东西，只是一些希望 Best wishes.

★have got= have I have got some friends. I haven’t got any friends. [语法]

Must与Need

must表示“必须，应当”

You mustn’t make a noise! 你不该弄出噪音来！ Must I call the doctor? 我必须请大夫吗？

need 做情态动词时，need表示“需要”、“必须”，作助动词时多用于疑问句和否定句，没有时态，人称、数格的变化，可以直接加否定形式。不能单独做谓语，后边加动词原形。

need + 动词原形 -> need 是情态动词

Need I make an appointment? 我需要约一下时间吗？ You need not hurry. 你不必太匆忙。

need 做实义动词时，就有人称、数格及时态上的变化，疑问句中也需用助动词do； need + to + 动词原形 -> need 是实义动词

在肯定句中，need不可以象 I can go home.中的can的用法一样在肯定句中直接做情态动词，而是做实义动词。

I need to go home.

在肯定句中，need后只跟动词不定式，不跟动词原形。而在否定句和疑问句中，情况就不是这样了。 I needn't study. （need 情态动词） I don't need to study. （need 实义动词） Need you study? （need 情态动词） Do you need to study? （need 实义动词）

[课文]

TOM: What are you doing, Carol? CAROL: I'm making a shopping list, Tom. TOM: What do we need?

CAROL: We need a lot of thing this week. CAROL: I must go to the grocer's.

We haven't got much tea or coffee, and we haven't got any sugar or jam. TOM: What about vegetables? CAROL: I must go to the greengrocer's.

We haven't got many tomatoes, but we've got a lot of potatoes. CAROL: I must go to the butcher's, too. We need some meat.

We haven't got any meat at all. TOM: Have we got any beer and wine? And I'm not going to get any! TOM: I hope that you've got some money. CAROL: I haven't got much.

TOM: Well, I haven't got much either!

[课文注释]

many和much均可译成“许多”，但用法不同：many主要用于疑问句和否定句中，放在可数名词之前；much用于疑问句和否定句中，放在不可数名词之前。

a lot of可用于可数名词前，又可用在不可数名词前，一般用于肯定句。

Lesson 80 I must go to the …

[词汇]（5）

groceries fruit stationery newsagent chemist

n. 食品杂货 n. 水果 n. 文具 n. 报刊零售人 n. 药剂师，化学家

Lesson 81 Roast beef and potatoes

[词汇]（6）

bath nearly ready dinner

n. 洗澡 adv. 几乎，将近 adj. 准备好的，完好的 n. 正餐，晚餐

restaurant roast

★bath n. 洗澡 have(take) a bath 洗澡

n. 饭馆，餐馆 adj. 烤的

★nearly adv. 几乎，将近 ① v. 几乎；差不多；差点儿 I nearly missed the train. ② v. 极；密切地

He resembles a film star nearly.

The matter concerns us nearly. 这事与我们有切身关系。

★ready adj. 准备好的，完好的 ① adj. 准备就绪的

Dinner will be ready in 20 minutes. Are you ready to leave?

② adj. 预先准备好的；立即可得到的 The apples are ripe and ready to eat. We must get the house ready for our guests. 我们必须把房子收拾停当，以期我们的客人随时入住。 ③ adj. 快的，立即的

He gave a ready consent. 他立即爽快地表示同意。 This new system gives users readier access to the data. 这个新系统可以使用户们更快捷地进入数据库。

★dinner n. 正餐，晚餐 three meals a day 一日三餐 breakfast 早饭 supper 晚饭 [课文]

SAM: Hi, Carol! Where's Tom? CAROL: He's upstairs.

He's having a bath.

CAROL: Tom! TOM: Yes? CAROL: Sam's here. TOM: I'm nearly ready.

Hello, Sam. Have a cigarette.

SAM: No, thanks, Tom.

TOM: Have a glass of whisky then.

lunch 午餐

tea 下午茶 meal 一顿饭

dinner 正餐

SAM: OK. Thanks.

TOM: Is dinner ready, Carol? CAROL: It's nearly ready.

We can have dinner at seven o'clock. TOM: Sam and I had lunch together today.

We went to a restaurant.

CAROL: What did you have?

TOM: We had roast beef and potatoes. CAROL: Oh!

TOM: What's the matter, Carol?

CAROL: Well, you're going to have roast beef and potatoes again tonight!

Lesson 82 I had …

[词汇]（5）

breakfast haircut party holiday

n. 早饭 n. 理发 n. 聚会 n. 假日

Lesson 83 Going on holiday

[词汇]（5）

mess pack suitcase leave already

★mess n. 杂乱，凌乱

Excuse the mess. 乱七八糟，请原谅。

★pack v. 包装，打包，装箱 ① v. 打包，装箱

pack one’s suitcase 打包 pack one’s suitcases 收拾行李。 ② v. 挤满，塞满

The movie fans packed the hall. 大厅里挤满了影迷。 The bus was packed with people. 公共汽车里挤满了人。

n. 杂乱，凌乱 v. 包装，打包，装箱 n. 手提箱 v. 离开 adv. 已经

★leave v. 离开 ① v. 离开，出发

The train is going to leave in 5 minutes. ② v. 舍弃；脱离

John’s wife left him for another man. 约翰的妻子舍他而去，投入另一个男子的怀抱。 ③ v. 留给，遗留；委托

‘Leave it to me,’he said. “这事交给我来办吧，”他说道。 The famous actress left all her money to charity. [语法]

现在完成时

表示在过去一个不确定的时间里发生的并与现在有着某种联系的动词；或者表示的开始于过去并持续到现在的动作。

肯定句： has/have + 动词的过去分词 否定形式：hasn't/haven't + 动词的过去分词 疑问形式：把 has/have 提前

规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同，而不规则动词的过去分词则无统一的规律可言，需特别加以记忆。 [课文]

CAROL: Hello, Sam. Come in.

TOM: Hi, Sam. We're having lunch. Do you want to have lunch with us? SAM: No, thank you, Tom. I've already had lunch. I had at half past twelve. CAROL: Have a cup of coffee then. SAM: I've just had a cup, thank you. I had one after my lunch.

TOM: Let's go into the living room, Carol. We can have our coffee there. CAROL: Excuse the mess, Sam.

This room's very untidy. We're packing our suitcases. We're going to leave tomorrow. CAROL: Tom and I are going to have a holiday. SAM: Aren't you lucky!

TOM: When are you going to have a holiday, Sam? SAM: I don't know.

I've already had my holiday this year. CAROL: Where did you go? SAM: I stayed at home!

Lesson 85 Paris in the spring

[词汇]（7）

Paris cinema film beautiful city never ever

★film n. 电影 film 艺术影片 movie 好莱坞商业片

★beautiful adj. 漂亮的 ① adj. 美丽的，使生美感的

She was even more beautiful than I had expected. 她甚至比我预期的还要美。

② adj. 出色的，完美的；令人愉悦的

He did a beautiful job of painting the desk. 他油漆了书桌，活干得很漂亮。

beauty n. 美人，美景，美好的东西 beauty contest 选美 beautify v. 美化

beautiful 风景的美丽，形容女性和儿童 pretty 漂亮的，迷人的 handsome adj. 英俊的

charming adj. 迷人的，有魅力的 [语法]

现在完成时的特殊结构

have/has been to a place 曾经去过某地，但现在不在那个地方了 have been there 到过那里

My father is only 45 years old. But he has already been to nearly every country in the world.

have/has gone to a place 已经去那个地方或正在去的路上，到达与否不确定 They have gone to Paris. My father has gone to H.K..

n. 巴黎 n. 电影院 n. 电影；胶卷 adj. 漂亮的 n. 城市 adv. 从来没有 adv. 在任何时候

[课文]

GEORGE: Hello, Ken. KEN: Hi, George.

GEORGE: Have you just been to the cinema? KEN: Yes, I have. GEORGE: What's on?

KEN: 'Paris in the spring'. GEORGE: Oh, I've already seen it. I saw it on television last year. It's an old film, but it's very good. KEN: Paris is a beautiful city. GEORGE: I've never been there.

Have you ever been there, Ken? KEN: Yes, I have. I was there in April. GEORGE: Pairs in the spring, eh?

KEN: It was spring, but the weather was awful. It rained all the time. GEORGE: Just like London! [课文注解]

1、Have you ever been there, Ken?

have been to…到过……。have been there到过那里，have been to school/ work/ church之前不加the。

ever常用于否定句、疑问句以及表示条件的从句中表示“以往任何时候”、“曾经”、“在任何时候”、“从来”这类的意思。

2、What’s on? 上演什么电影？ be on 上演

3、all the time 一直，始终 4、Just like London!

just是“正好”，“恰恰是”的意思。

Have you just been on…（just是指时间，有“刚才”的意思）

Lesson 87 A car crash

[词汇]（7）

attendant garage crash lamp-post

n. 接待员

n. 车库，汽车修理厂 n. 碰撞 灯杆

bring (brought/brought) v. 带来，送来

repair try

★attendant n. 接待员 attend 参加

v. 修理 v. 努力，设法

attend school 上学= go to school attend a meeting 出席会议 attend a lecture 参加演讲 attend a ceremony 参加仪式 join 参加某个组织，成为其成员

join in 使……成为成员，参加，加入；与某人一道参加某种活动 Would you like to join in us? 一块做某事

take part in 参加，强调参加人的作用，与某人一道参加某种活动，强调在其中起了作用

★bring (brought/brought) v. 带来，送来

bring 带来；take 带走；fetch 去拿来；get 拿，常用于口语中 go into the garage let sb.do sth.

Let's go into the garage.

★crash n. 碰撞 have a crash 碰车

They have a crash every week.

★repair v. 修理 ① v. 修理；修复；修补

I’ll have to get the bicycle repaired. She looked into the mirror and began to repair her face. 她向镜中望去，开始往脸上重敷脂粉。 ② v. 弥补；修复；赔偿

How can I repair the mistake I have made?

It will take a while to repair the confidence of the general public. 要恢复公众的信心尚需要一些时间。

repair 用一定的技能修理什么东西 fix 同上，一般美语中用的较多

mend 修理打破或打碎的东西，一般指结构较为简单的，不需要特殊技能 do up 修理小东西，renovate翻新，结构比较简单 patch 打补丁，衣服或车胎坏了，修补一下

★try v. 努力，设法 ① v. 试图；设法，努力

attend a wedding 参加婚礼 attend a funeral 参加葬礼 attend church 去教堂

He is trying to move the book shelf. 他正试图搬动那个书架。 They tried hard to repair the damaged car. 他们竭尽全力修理那辆被损坏了的汽车。 ② v. 尝试，试用；试验

I’ll try that Italian restaurant next time. 下次我要到那家意大利餐馆去尝尝他们的菜。

have a try 尝试

It's a good try. 很好的尝试

try one's best/do one's best 尽某人最大的努力 Do your best! Try your best! I want to try my best. I have already tried my best. try to do sth. 试着去做某事 Can your mechanics repair my car? They are still working on it. They're trying to repair it. manage to do sth. 设法做成了某事 I managed to repair my car yesterday. try one's luck 试试某人的运气 try one’s hard at 尝试着做某事 [课文]

MR. WOOD: Is my car ready yet? ATTENDANT: I don't know. sir.

What's the number of your car?

MR. WOOD: It's LFZ 312G.

ATTENDANT: When did you bring it to us? MR. WOOD: I brought it here three days ago. ATTENDANT: Ah, yes, I remember now.

MR. WOOD: Have your mechanics finished yet? ATTENDANT: No, they're still working on it.

Let's go into the garage and have a look at it.

ATTENDANT: Isn't that your car? MR. WOOD: Well, it was my car. ATTENDANT: Didn't you have a crash? MR. WOOD: That's right.

I drove it into a lamp-post. Can your mechanics repair it?

But to tell you the truth. you need a new car!

ATTENDANT: Well, they're trying to repair it, sir.

[课文注释]

1、Ｗhen did you bring it to us?

bring表示“送来”、“带来”和“拿来”的意思，在方位上多指朝说话人而来。 2、…they’re still working on it. work on表示“从事”、“干（某事）”

３、在英文中可用一般疑问句的否定形式来表示期待、请求或希望得到肯定的答复。 Isn’t that your car? Didn’t you have a crash? ４、drive into 撞倒……

５、they’re trying to repair it 他们正在设法修理 they后面接to+动词不定式

Lesson 88 Have you…yet?

buy—bought—bought make—made—made send—sent—sent hear—heard—heard

lose—lost—lost meet—met—met have—had—had tell—told—told

find—found—found get—got—get sweep—swept—swept leave—left—left

Lesson For sale

[词汇]（12）

believe may how long since why sell because retire cost pound worth penny

★believe v. 相信，认为

I don’t believe you. 不相信某人说的话。 believe + (that) 从句（宾语从句）

He failed again because he is very lazy. believe of +短语

v. 相信，认为

modal verb （用于请求许可）可以 多长 prep. 自从 adv. 为什么 v. 卖，出售 conj. 因为 v. 退休 v. 花费 n. 英镑 prep. 值……钱 n. 便士

He failed again because of his laziness. believe in sb. 信任某人

We believe in each other. 互相信任。 trust 信任（侧重于信任某人的能力）

Don’t trust the person who dare not look into your eyes. belief n. （某人的）信仰，信条

We need to have strong belief in ourselves. believable adj. 可信的 unbelievable adj. 不可信的

★sell v. 卖，出售 for sale 待售 on sale 打折 salesman 推销员 salesmanager 销售经理

★retire v. 退休 ① v. 退休；离职

He’s going to retire soon from the sea. 不久他将退休，结束其航海生涯。 ② v. 退出；退隐

He often retireds to his country house at weekends. 他周末通常到他那个乡间别墅生活。

The ladies retired, and the gentlemen went on drinking and chatting. 女士们离席退出，先生们则继续喝酒聊天。

★cost v. 花费（物体做主语） The coat costs $30.

How much does this house cost?

★worth prep. 值……钱（物体的真正实际价值） ① prep. 相当于……价值，值……钱 How much is the necklace worth? every penny of it 一分钱一分货 This coat is worth every penny of it. ② prep. 具有……价值；值得 be worth doing 值得…… The book is worth reading. prove one’s worth 证明某人的价值

cost是指得到一件东西所花费的钱，其真正的价值可能低于或高于所要的价，这种价格主要是指商店内的标价或货主索要的价格。

worth主要是指某物的本身价值。

[语法]

for与since

在现在完成时中，since + 时间点：表示某个动作是何时开始的；for + 时间段：表示某个动作持续多长时间

I have already lived here for 20 years. I have lived here since 1976. Since when has he been there? [课文]

NIGEL: Good afternoon.

I believe that this is house is for sale. IAN: That's right.

NIGEL: May I have a look at it, please? IAN: Yes, of course. Come in. NIGEL: How long have you lived here? IAN: I've live here for twenty years. NIGEL: Twenty year! That's long time. IAN: Yes, I've been here since 1976. NIGEL: Then why do you want to sell it? IAN: Because I've just retired.

I want to buy a small house in the country.

NIGEL: How much does this house cost? IAN: $68,500.

NIGEL: Well, I like the house, but I can't decide yet. My wife must see it first. IAN: Women always have the last word. [课文注释]

1、I can’t decide yet. decision n. 决定 decide to do sth.

make up one’s mind 下定决心 determine to do sth.

be determined to do sth. (determined adj. 坚决的，决定了的) I am determined to give up this work. ２、have the last word 最后拍板

Lesson 90 Have you…yet?

cut—cut—cut put—put—put

come—came—come give—gave—given

rise—rose—risen see—saw—seen

read—read—read set—set—set eat—ate—eaten

swim—swam—swam take—took—taken do—did—done

speak—spoke—spoken shut—shut—shut go—went—gone

Lesson 91 Poor Ian!

[词汇]（7）

still move miss neighbour person people poor

★still adv. 还，仍旧 ① adv. 还是，仍然

I still don’t understand what he meant. ② adv. 还要，甚至更

She looked very ill last week and this week looks still worse. ③ adv. 静止地；安静地

He is sitting still. 他一动不动地坐着。 The patient is lying still. 病人安静地躺着。

★move v. 搬家；感动 The story moves me. move to 搬到……地方 move in 搬进 move out 搬出来 move away 搬走

move into 搬进（由外到内的过程） ★miss v. 想念，思念 ① v. 想念，惦念 ② v. 错过；未做到

He overslept and missed his train. 他睡过了头，错过了他那班火车。 I missed an opportunity of realizing my dream. 我错过了一个可能实现自己梦想的机会。

★person n. 人 personal adj. 个人的 personality 人格

adv. 还，仍旧 v. 搬家 v. 想念，思念 n. 邻居 n. 人 n. 人们 adj. 可怜的

personality manager 人事管理者 HR=Human Resource 人力资源部

★people n. 人们 ten people 十个人

the peoples of China and USA（指两国人民，用复数形式） [语法]

一般将来时

概念：打算或将来要发生（做）的事情 结构： S+ will +V原 S+ won’t +V原 Will +S +V原 Yes, S +will. No, S +won’t.

第一人称 I/we shall +V原 shall not =shan’t

will除表示纯粹的将来时间外，还表示说话人的意图和意愿，而shall除了表示将来时间外同时还表示说话人的责任或决心

与一般将来时连用的时间短语：in a day’s time（一天以后），in a year’s time（一年以后），in two weeks’ time（两周后），in three months’ time（3个月后）等等。

[课文]

CATHERING: Has Ian sold his house yet? JENNY: Yes, he has. He sold it last week. CATHERING: Has he moved to his new house yet? JENNY: No, not yet. He's still here. He's going to move tomorrow. CATHERING: When? Tomorrow afternoon.

JENNY: No. Tomorrow afternoon. I'll miss him. He has always been a good neighbour. LIDA: He's a very nice person. We'll all miss him.

CATHERING: When will the new people move into this house? JENNY: I think that they'll move in the day after tomorrow. LINDA: Will you see Ian today, Jenny? JENNY: Yes, I will.

LINDA: Please give him my regards. CATHERING: Poor Ian!

He didn't want to leave this house.

JENNY: No, he didn't want to leave, but his wife did!

Lesson 92 When will …?

TODAY this moring this afternoon this evening tonight TOMORROW tomorrow morning tomorrow afternoon tomorrow evening tomorrow night

THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW

the day after tomorrow in the moring the day after tomorrow in the afternoon the day after tomorrow in the evening the night after next

Lesson 93 Our new neighbour

[词汇]（6）

pilot return New York Tokyo Madrid

fly (flew, flown)

★return v. 返回 ① v. 回，返回

He’s just returned from abroad. ② v. 回复

Spring will return soon.

He returned to his copy of the New York Times. 他又重读起他那份《纽约时报》来。 ③ v. 归还；退还

I lent him my records and he never ruturned them! 我把自己的唱片借给他，而他却从未归还！

n. 飞行员 v. 返回 n. 纽约 n. 东京 n. 马德里 v. 飞行

[课文]

Nigel is our new next-door neighbour. He's a pilot. He was in the R.A.F.

He will fly to New York next month. The month after next he'll fly to Tokyo.

At the moment, he's in Madrid. He flew to Spain a week ago. He'll return to London the week after next.

He's only forty-one years old, and he has already been to nearly every country in the world. Nigel is a very lucky man. But his wife isn't very lucky. She usually stays at home!

[课文注释]

1、next-door 隔壁的

2、the R.A.F.= the Royal Air Force 英国皇家空军 3、the month after next 再下个月

after next 表示“下下个”，如：the week after next下下个星期

Lesson 94 When did you/will you go to …?

[词汇]（9）

Athens [Berlin [Bombay [Geneva [Moscow [Rome [Seoul [Stockholm [Sydney [

] ] ]

]

n. 雅典 ] n. 柏林

n. 孟买] ] n. 日内瓦 ] n. 莫斯科

n. 罗马 n. 汉城

] n. 斯德哥尔摩 n. 悉尼

Lesson 95 Tickets, please

[词汇]（9）

return train platform plenty bar station porter

catch(caught, caught) miss

n. 往返 n. 火车 n. 站台 n. 大量 n. 酒吧 n. 车站，火车站 n. 收票员 v. 赶上 v. 错过

★return n. 往返 return tickets 往返车票 return tickets to London

★plenty n. 大量

plenty of +可数或不可数名词[只能用于肯定句] We have plenty of time. enough [疑问句]

Have you enough books? many [否定句中，修饰可数名词] much [否定句中，修饰不可数名词] We haven’t got much time.

★catch(caught, caught) v. 赶上 ① v. 赶上；及时赶到

Every morning she would catch the 7.30 train to town. ② v. 听清楚；理解

I didn’t catch what you said just now. 我没听清楚你刚才所说的话。 ③ v. 引起（注意等）；吸引，迷住

The bright colours on the wall caught our attention. The beautiful view in front of me caught and held me. 我面前美丽的景色把我迷住了。 [语法]

had better和must

had better=’d better表示“最好还是”、“最好”，表达某种忠告或建议，用于指现在和将要做的事情。must则表示“必须”、“一定”，语气比had better强烈。

had better表示现在时或将来时，而不是过去时。其否定形式为had better not do sth. You had better not smoke in the classroom. [课文]

GEORGE:

Two return tickets to London, please. What time will the next train leave?

ATTENDANT: At nineteen minutes past eight. GEORGE: Which platform?

ATTENDANT: Platform Two. Over the bridge. KEN: What time will the next train leave? GEORGE: At eight nineteen. KEN: We've got plenty of time. GEORGE: It's only three minutes to eight. KEN: Let's go and have a drink.

There's a bar next door to the station.

GEORGE: We had better go back to the station now, Ken.

PORTER: Tickets, please.

GEORGE: We want to catch the eight nineteen to London. PORTER: You've just missed it! GEORGE: What! It's only eight fifteen. PORTER: I'm sorry, sir.

That clock's ten minutes slow.

GEORGE: When's the next train? PORTER: In five hours' time! [课文注释]

1、next door to… 与……相邻，在……隔壁 2、in five hour’s time 5小时之后

3、ten minutes slow 慢10分钟；ten minute fast 快10分钟 4、When’s the next train?

这个句子是用来询问火车启程时间时常见的句型。

Lesson 96 What's the exact time?

★exact adj. 精确的；确切的 ① adj. 精确的；确切的；恰好的

This vase is an exact replica. 这只花瓶是件很巧妙的复制品。 It’s the exact shape I’ve been looking for. 这恰好是我一直以来要寻找的形状。 ② adj. 严格的；严厉的

The workers must obey exact rules. 工人们必须遵守严格的规定。

Lesson 97 A small blue case

[词汇]（8）

leave (left, left) describe zip label handle address pence belong

v. 遗留 v. 描述 n. 拉链 n. 标签 n. 提手，把手 n. 地址

n. 便士（penny 的复数形式） v. 属于

★describe v. 描述 ① v. 描述；形容

describe 根据客观事实描述

She described the woman to the police. He described the whole event in detail. portray 生动地描述人或情景 ② v. 把……说成；把……称为（as）

They describe him as ambitious. 他们把他称为雄心勃勃的人。

★address n. 地址

address n. 地址；演讲（精心准备过的，正式的） speech：（最常见的）各种各样的演讲 lecture：（学术性的）演讲

★belong v. 属于 ① v.（在所有权方面）属于 That pen belongs to him. belong to （不能用于进行时态）

This book belongs to me. = This book is mine. This book doesn't belong to me. Does this book belong to you? ② v. 是……的成员

Do you belong to the golf club?

Which party does he belong to? 他是哪个党的党员？ ③ v.（在关系等方面）属于

We belong to the same generation. 我们属于同代人。 The novel really belongs to the 19th century. 这部小说其实是属于19世纪的。 [课文]

MR. MALL: I left a suitcase on the train to London the other day. ATTENDANT: Can you describe it, sir?

MR. MALL: It's a small blue case and it's got a zip.

There's a label on the handle with my name and address on it.

ATTENDANT: Is this case yours? MR. MALL: No, that's not mine.

ATTENDANT: What about this one? This one's got a label. MR. MALL: Let me see it.

ATTENDANT: What's your name and address? MR. MALL: David Hall, 83, Bridge Street.

ATTENDANT: That's right. D.N. Hall, 83, Bridge Street.

Three pounds fifty pence, please.

MR. MALL: Here you are. ATTENDANT: Thank you. MR. MALL: Key!

ATTENDANT: What's matter? MR. MALL: This case doesn't belong to me! You've given me the wrong case!

[课文注释]

1、the other day 几天前（只能用于过去时）

the other+表示时间的名词通常只与过去时态连用。类似的短语有：afternoon/evening/night，the other week/month/year。

2、83, Bridge Street 大桥街83号，地址要把门牌号放在街号的前面。 3、There's a label on the handle with my name and address on it. 句中的with在这里可理解为“有”的意思。 a girl with long hair a boy with blue eyes 4、fifty pence 50便士

Pence是penny的复数形式，表示币值。

Lesson 99 Ow!

[词汇]（11）

ow

int. 哎呦

slip（slipped, slipped） v. 滑到，滑了一脚

fall（fell, fallen） v. 落下，跌倒； n. 秋天 downstairs adv. 下楼 （upstairs 上楼） hurt（hurt, hurt） v. 伤， 伤害， 疼痛 back n. 背 stand up 起立，站起来 help v. 帮助 at once 立即

sure adj. 一定的，确信的 X-ray n. X光透视

★slip（slipped, slipped） v. 滑到，滑了一脚 ① v. 滑倒

She slipped and fell down on the wet stones. ② v. 滑落；脱落

The soap slipped out of her hand. 肥皂从她的手上滑落。 ③ v. 下滑；下跌

Profits continue to slip this year. 利润今年呈持续下跌趋势。

the other morning/ ④ v. 遗忘；忽略

Our wedding anniversary completely slipped my mind. 我把我们的结婚纪念日忘得一干二净。

★hurt（hurt, hurt） v. 伤， 伤害， 疼痛 ① v. 弄痛；使受伤

He fell off the bicycle and hurt his leg. ② v. 危害；损害

The case has hurt his reputation. 那个案件损害了他的声誉。 I don’t mean to hurt you. 我本无意伤害你的感情。

★help v. 帮助 ① v. 帮助；援助；救助

He devoted his life to helping the disabled. 他付出一生的心血帮助那些残疾人。

help sb. do sth. / help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help each other 彼此帮助 ② v. 对……有帮助；对……有好处

My knowledge of French helped me a lot while I was travelling in France. 我在法国旅行时，我的法文知识帮了我大忙。

Humour can help in a tense situation. 幽默能够缓和紧张局面。 ③ n. 帮助 ask for help：求救 call for help：求救 seek help：求救

effective help 有效的帮助 mutual help：互相帮助 timely help 及时的帮助

give help to sb. 给某人提供帮助 offer help to sb.

helpful 有帮助的 helpless 无助的 I feel helpless. a helping hand 助手 [语法]

宾语从句

宾语从句在句中作宾语，一般用that引导，但在口语中经常省略掉that。可用在say，think，believe，hope，know，understand，suppose等动词之后；也可用在某些描写感情的形容词之后，如afraid，sure，sorry，glad等之后。

如果间接引语中的引述动词是现在时，那么其后的时态通常与原来口头陈述句的时态相同。

I know that I can repair this car. I am sorry that you are ill.

宾语从句还可以由when，where，what，why，how以及if和whether来引导，而它们在句中不能省略，且宾语从句通常都应以陈述句的形式出现。

S +be adj./v. +if +一般疑问句 S +be adj./v. +特殊疑问句 +陈述句

I want to know if you went to London last week. I don’t know what you are talking about. [课文]

ANDY: Ow!

LUCY: What's the matter, Andy? ANDY: I slipped and fell downstairs. LUCY: Have you hurt yourself? ANDY: Yes, I have.

I think that I've hurt my back. LUCY: Try and stand up. Can you stand up? Here. Let me help you. ANDY: I'm sorry, Lucy.

I'm afraid that I can't get up.

LUCY: I think that the doctor had better see you. I'll phone Dr. Carter.

LUCY: The doctor says that he will come at once. I'm sure that you need an X-ray, Andy.

Lesson 100 He says that… She says that…They say that…

[词汇]（1）

licence [语法]

直接引语和间接引语

直接引语就是直接引用说话人原来所说的话；间接引语就是原话的转述。直接引语放在引号里，间接引语是把说话人的原话变成宾语从句。

间接引语中，宾语从句中的动词与主句中的主要动词在时态上必须保持一致。 把直接陈述改为间接陈述改为间接引语时，谓语动词形式的变化体现在人称上。 She says she’s staying at a Youth Hostel.

n. 执照

Lesson 101 A card from Jimmy

[词汇]（7）

Scotland card youth hostel association soon

write(wrote, written)

★card n. 明信片 a birthday card 生日卡片 a new year card 新年贺卡

★hostel n. 招待所，旅馆（简易的） hotel：宾馆，设施比较好的旅店

inn：（尤指乡村或公路边的）旅馆，小客栈 motel：汽车旅馆

★soon adv. 不久 ① adv. 不久

Soon she would have to resign. 她不久就得辞职了。 ② adv. 早；快

Why are you leaving so soon?

He came sooner than we expected. 他来得比我们预料的快。

★write(wrote, written) v. 写 ① v. 写，书写

She writes legibly. 她笔迹清楚。 ② v. 写信

I’ll write to you soon. 我会尽快给你写信的。 ③ v. 写作；作曲；当作家

He started to write for the stage. 他开始成为一名剧作家。 He soon finished writing a symphony. [语法]

反意疑问句：

概念：询问某种情况是否真实，或者别人是否同意自己。

结构：分为两部分，逗号前面为主句；后面为反意疑问句。当前面是肯定句时，后面是否定句；当前面是否定句时，后面是肯定句。回答这种问句要简略，根据事实回答，如果答语本身是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答语本身是否定的，就用No。

n. 苏格兰（英国） n. 明信片 n. 青年

n. 招待所，旅馆（简易的） n. 协会 adv. 不久 v. 写

特点：

1、问句的主语与主句的主语一致； 2、前后的助动词一致； 3、前后的时态一致。

4、语调有升有降：升调 - 表示疑问，期待对方回答；降调 - 语气确定，不需要回答。 Sally can speak French, can't she? Sally can't speak French, can she? [课文]

GRANDMOTHER: Read Jimmy's card to me please, penny. PENNY: PENNY:

PENNY: PENNY: PENNY:

PENNY:

[课文注释]

1、the Y.H.A.=the Youth Hostels Association：青年招待所协会（青招协） 2、speak up：大声地说

up作副词用时可表示强度等的由弱到强、由低到高。

Can you get up to that note? 你能唱得到那么高的音吗？ 3、Love, Jimmy：爱你的吉米

Yours, Jimmy 你的吉米，这是朋友间通信时常用的结束语。

'I have just arrive in Scotland and I'm staying at a Youth Hostel.' He say he's just arrived in Scotland. He says he's staying at a Youth Hostel. You know he's a member of the Y.H.A. The Y.H.A., Mum.

The Youth Hostels Association. 'I'll write a letter soon. I hope you all well.' I'm afraid I can't hear you He say he'll write a letter soon. He hopes we are all well. 'Love, Jimmy.' He doesn't say very much, does he? He can't write very much on a card, Mum.

GRANDMOTHER: Eh?

GRANDMOTHER: The what?

GRANDMOTHER: What else does he say?

GRANDMOTHER: What? Speak up. Penny.

GRANDMOTHER: Is that all?

Lesson 103 The French test

[词汇]（17）

exam pass mathematics question easy enough paper fail answer mark rest difficult hate low cheer guy top

★exam n. 考试

exam/examination （综合性的）考试 midterm exam 期中考试 final exam 期末考试 sham exam 模拟考试

entrance examination 入学考试 test （单项技能的）考试 quiz （临时性的）小测验

★pass v. 及格，通过 pass the exam 通过考试 I think I passed the exam. pass in + 具体的某一科要通过 She thinks she passed in English.

★question n. （具体的某一个）问题 problem：（抽象）的问题 issue 国际争端，分歧

question v. 审讯，质问；n.（具体的一个）问题 The policeman is questioning the thief

n. 考试 v. 及格，通过

n. （maths是缩写）数学 n. （具体的某一个）问题 adj. 容易的 adv. 足够的 n. 考卷 v. 未及格，失败 v. 问答 n. 分数 n. 其他的东西 adj. 困难的 v. 讨厌 adj. 低的 v. 振作，振奋 n. 家伙，人 n. 上方，顶部

★fail v. 未及格，失败；n. 失败 ① v. 失败；及格

Doctors failed to save the old man’s life.

He failed his French paper because it was too difficult. ② v.（身体等）衰退；变弱；凋谢 My eyesight is failing.

The flowers failed for lack of sunshine. 花因缺少阳光而凋谢。 ③ v.（后接不定式）不，不能；忘记 fail to do something 未能做什么事情 I failed to save the boy from the river. I fail to see why you find it so extraordinary. 我不明白为什么你们认为它如此与众不同。 He failed to persuade me. 他没能说服我。

★answer v. 问答（普通用词） reply 书面用语 repond 正式文体

★hate v. 讨厌

① v. 讨厌；不喜欢；有反感 I hate beef.

hate to do sth. 一次性的行为 I hate to go out this afternoon. hate doing sth. 不喜欢做…… I hate playing football with him. ② v. 憎恨；憎恶

He said that he hated hypocrisy. 他说他憎恶虚伪。 [语法]

too与enough的用法 1、enough的用法

一般的程度副词都应放在形容词或副词的前面，但是enough必须放在形容词或副词的后面。 ① 在形容词之后使用

He failed the exam because it wasn’t easy enough. 他考试不及格，因为题不够容易。

She is beautiful enough to be a hostess. I can drive quickly enough. ② 在名词之前使用

He didn’t buy the car because he didn’t have enough money. 他没买那部车，因为他没有足够的钱。

③ 可以用在enough…for sb./ sth.和enough…to do sth.结构之中 She hasn’t got enough money for a holiday.

She’s not old enough to live alone.

The wall is low enough for them to climb over. 这堵墙矮到如此之程度，以至于他们可以攀越过去。 2、too的用法 ① 表示“过于”

She couldn’t answer the questions because they were too difficult for her. ② 可以用在too…for sb./sth.结构之中 This skirt is too big for me.

③ 可以用在too…to do sth.（太……而不能）结构之中 It’s too far to walk home from here. The wall is too high for them to climb over. 这堵墙太高了，他们无法攀越过去。 [课文]

GARY: How was the exam, Richard? RICHARD: Not too bad.

I think I passed in English and Mathematics. The questions were very easy. How about you, Gary?

GARY: The English and Maths papers weren't easy enough for me. I hope I haven't failed.

RICHARD: I think I failed the French paper. I could answer sixteen of the question. They were very easy.

But I couldn't answer the rest. They were too difficult for me. GARY: French test are awful, aren't they? RICHARD: I hate them.

I'm sure I've got a low mark. GARY:

Oh, cheer up! Perhaps we didn't to do badly.

The guy next to me wrote his name at the top of the paper. RICHARD: Yes?

GARY: Then he sat there and looked at it for three hours! [课文注释]

1、the English and Maths papers

paper这个词当“试卷”讲时，是可数名词。 2、cheer up 振作起来 3、at the top of 在……顶端 反义词：at the bottom of 在……末端

He didn't write a word!

Lesson 104 Too, very, enough

[词汇]（13）

clever stupid cheap expensive fresh stale low loud high hard sweet soft sour

★clever adj. 聪明的（主要指学习能力） bright 伶俐 intelligent 智商高 smart 精明 shrewd 洞察力 wise 知识广博，有智慧

talented 聪明的，通过能力获得的才能 gifted 有天赋的

★stupid adj. 笨的 silly 智力低下；昵称 fool v. 愚弄；n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 April fool’s day 愚人节

★cheap adj. 便宜的（价格低而且质量也不好） inexpensive adj. 物美价廉

★expensive adj. 贵的（对于购买者的购买能力而言） costly 奢侈的，是真的豪华的 dear 物以稀为贵 priceless 无价的

adj. 聪明的 adj. 笨的 adj. 便宜的 adj. 贵的 adj. 新鲜的 adj. 变馊的 adj. 低的，矮的 adj. 大声的 adj. 高的 adj. 硬的 adj. 甜的 adj. 软的 adj. 酸的

Lesson 105 Full of mistakes

[词汇]（5）

spell intelligent mistake present dictionary

★spell v. 拼写 (spelt, spelt) Can you spell your name? I want you to spell your name. How to spell the word?

★mistake n. 错误

mistake 比较一般的错误，认识不足，理解不对 make a mistake

I often make a mistake in the exam.

She always makes some mistakes in the homework. error 没有按照既定的程序、规定犯的错误 fault 侧重于责任 It's my fault.

★present n.（小）礼物 humble present 区区薄礼 at present 目前 gift 礼物（比较贵重） [语法]

动词不定式

在英语中，当一个动词被另一个动词紧跟时，它们之间必须加不定式符号（to），to是小品词。不定式符号后面的动词只能是原形，而不能是过去式或分词形式。动词不定式可做除了谓语之外的所有句子成分。

结构：

① 不定式作动词的宾语：V+ to V原 ② V+ 名词/宾格代词+ to V原 不定式的否定形式是在to之前加not。 to +名/代/Ving to为介词 [课文]

THE BOSS: Where's Sandra, Bob? I want her. BOB: Do you want to speak to her?

v. 拼写 (spelt, spelt) adj. 聪明的，有智慧的 n. 错误 n. 礼物 n. 词典

THE BOSS: Yes, I do.

I want her to come to my office. Tell her to come at once. SANDRA: Did you want to see me? THE BOSS: Ah, yes, Sandra.

How do you spell \"intelligent'? Can you tell me? SANDRA: I-N-T-E-L-L-I-G-E-N-T.

THE BOSS: That's right. You've typed it with only one 'L'.

This letter's full of mistakes. I want you to type it again.

SANDRA: Yes, I'll do that. I'm sorry about that.

THE BOSS: And here's a little present for you. SANDRA: What's it?

THE BOSS: It's a dictionary. I hope it'll help you. [课文主释]

How do you spell \"intelligent'? How do you spell…?

询问某个单词或某人的姓名如何拼写的常用句型。

Lesson 106 I want you/him/them to

[词汇]（3）

carry correct keep

★correct v. 改正，纠正 ① v. 改正；纠正

Please correct me if I’m wrong.

I spent the whole morning correcting exam papers. 我花了整个上午的时间批改试卷。 ② v. 校正；矫正

Let me correct my watch first.

This pair of glasses will correct your eyesight problem.

v. 携带 v. 改正，纠正 v. 保存，保留

Lesson 107 It's so small.

[词汇]（7）

madam smart as well suit pretty

★suit v. 适于 ① v. 适合；适宜于 This coat suits me.

This coat doesn’t suit me at all.

One o’clock? That does not suit me. 一点钟？那个时间对我来说不合适。 ② v. 相称，相当

He would not be suit to the job. Blue suits her. 蓝色与她相配。

★as well 同样

as well=too 多用于口语，一般用于肯定句中 I can do it as well. [语法]

形容词的比较级和最高级

1、形容词的比较级和最高级规则： ① 一般的形容词后面直接加er或est ② 以e结尾的形容词后面直接加r或st

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变i，后面加er或est ④ 以短元音加辅音结尾的形容词，双写辅音，后面加er或est ⑤ 少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的 ⑥ 多音节形容词

较高比较级：more，the most 较低比较级：less，the least

判断音节：如果音标中有一个元音就是单音节；有两个元音就是双音节；有多于两个元音就是多音节。 2、形容词的比较级和最高级的用法

比较级只用于两者之间，通常与than连用。形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚，也可以存在；最高级用于三者或三者以上。形容词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词，并常伴有一个表示范围的介词短语或从句。

long——longer（than）——longest（be+ the longest+ 表示范围的短语或从句） This is the longest river I have ever seen.

大多数两个以上音节的形容词可与more/less连用构成其比较级形式，与most/least连用构成其最高级形式。

n. 夫人，女士 adj. 漂亮的 同样 v. 适于 adj. 漂亮的

This model’s less expensive than that one. The other model’s more expensive. [课文]

ASSISTANT: Do you like this dress, madam? LADY: I like the colour very much.

LADY:

[课文注释]

1、Short skirts are in fashion now. be in fashion 时髦，流行

2、Would you like to try it?

Would you like…? 你愿意……吗？（用于表示委婉的请求或提议） would like sth.

I would like some apples. Would you like some apples? would like to do sth.

I would like to have some apples. Would you like to have some apples?

Could you …?用在表示请求，比Can you…?更委婉。 Could you tell me the way to the post office?

It's lovely dress, but it's too small for me. It's lovely dress. It's very smart. Short skirts are in fashion now. Would you like to try it?

I'm afraid this green dress it too small for me as well. It's smaller than the blue one. I don't like the colour either. It doesn't suit me at all. I think the blue dress is prettier. Could you show me another blue dress?

I want a dress like that one, but it must be my size. This is the largest dress in the shop.

ASSISTANT: What about this one?

LADY: All right.

ASSISTANT: I'm afraid I haven't got a larger dress.

Lesson 108 How do they compare?

★compare v. 比较，对照

The article compares the different features of imported cars on the market. 这篇文章比较了市场上进口汽车的不同特点。

Compare to our little garden, his garden seemed like a park.

Lesson 109 A good idea

[词汇]（8）

idea a little teaspoonful less a few pity instead advice

★idea n. 主意

idea 含义较广，主意，想法，各种看法 I have a good idea.

opinion 对某事具体的看法、观点、想法 in one's opinion 在我看来 thought 成系统的思想 view 侧重个人意见 viewpoint 观察视点

★a little 少许 ★a few 几个

a little 修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义；little 修饰不可数名词，表示否定含义 I have a little milk. I have little milk.

a few 修饰可数名词，表示肯定含义；few 修饰可数名词，表示否定含义 She has a few friends.

可数名词的多与少，用many与few来表达；不可数名词的多与少，则用much与little来表达。

★instead adv. 代替 ① adv. 作为替代

I’m tired and can’t attend the meeting; you could go instead.

She did not want to go to the university. Instead, she decided to become a singer.

n. 主意 少许

n. 一满茶匙的 adj. 较少的，更少的 几个 n. 遗憾 adv. 代替 n. 建议，忠告

② adv. 代替，而不是(of)

She wanted to have milk instead of juice.

She prefers buying books instead of borrowing them from the library. 她宁可买书而不愿到图书馆去借。

★advice n. 建议，忠告（不可数名词）；v. 建议 a piece of advice 一条建议 take one's advice 听众某人的建议 You'd better take my advice next time. follow one's advice 采纳某人的建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 I advice you to stop smoking.

★smoke v. 抽烟 ① v. 抽（纸烟、烟斗等） He smokes cigars. 他抽雪茄。 ② v. 冒烟；冒雾气

She could see a chimney smoking in the nearby village. 她可以看到附近村子里的烟囱在冒烟。 ③ v. 熏制（鱼肉等）

Do you know how to smoke hams? 你知道如何熏制火腿吗？ [课文]

CHARLOTTE: Shall I make some coffee, Jane? JANE:

That's a good idea, Charlotte.

CHARLOTTE: It's ready. Do you want any milk? JANE: Just a little, please. CHARLOTTE: What about some sugar? JANE:

Two teaspoonfuls?

One and a half teaspoonfuls, please. That's enough for me. That was very nice.

JANE: No, less than that.

CHARLOTTE: Would you like some more? JANE: Yes, please.

I'd like a cigarette, too. May I have one?

I think there are a few in that box.

CHARLOTTE: Of course.

JANE: I'm afraid it's empty. CHARLOTTE: What a pity! JANE:

It doesn't matter.

CHARLOTTE: Have a biscuit instead. [课文注释]

1、Shall I make some coffee, Jane? make some coffee 煮咖啡 I will make some coffee for you. Shall I(we) do something? Shall we stay at home?

2、One and a half teaspoonfuls, please.

在英语中，比1大的东西，即使比2小，也需要用复数表示。

3、It doesn’t matter. 没关系。

4、What a pity! 真遗憾。

英语中常用“What a+可数名词”和“What +不可数名词”的结构来表示感叹。

5、I’ve ever seen. 我所见过的。

Eat more and smoke less!

JANE: That's very good advice!

Lesson 110 How do they compare?

[词汇]（5）

most least best worse worst

adj. 最多的（many, much的最高级） adj. 最小的，最少的（little的最高级） adj. 最好的（good的最高级） adj. 更坏的（bad的比较级） adj. 最坏的（bad的最高级）

Lesson 111 The most expensive model

[词汇]（6）

model afford deposit instalment price millionaire

n. 型号，式样 v. 付得起 n. 预付定金 n. 分期付款 n. 价格 n. 百万富翁

★afford v. 付得起（钱）；腾出时间 ① v. 买得起；付得起（钱）

I like this model, but I can’t afford it. We are not rich enough to afford a car. ② v. 担负得起（时间等）

I feel I can’t afford any more time on this project.

We can’t afford such enormous fees. 我们无法负担如此巨额的费用。 Can you afford two days for me? 你能够为我腾两天时间吗?

★deposit n. 预付定金 ① n. 预付定金；押金；保证金

He put down a deposit on the house yesterday. 昨天他付了房子的定金。 pay a deposite of 付……钱定金

You must pay deposit of 100 and then 20 a month for three years. You’ll have to pay a deposit of $60 to reserve the room. 要预定这个房间，你需交付60美金的押金。 ② v. 存放；存储

We were advised to deposit our valuables in the bank safe. 别人建议我们将自己的贵重物品存放在银行的保险箱里。 ③ v. 付（保证金）；预付（定金） I deposited $1500 on a new car.

★instalment n. 分期付款

buy sth. on instalments 分期付款买……

I want to buy a house on instalments this year.

★price n. 价格 price 物体或人内在的价值 a good price 物美价廉

standard market price 标准的市场价 priceless adj. 无价的，极贵重的 value 根据用途来判断的价值 worth 物质的真正价值 [语法]

形容词的平级比较级：

形容词的比较形式有三种：较高比较级（more expensive，the most expensive）；较低比较级（less expensive，the least expensive）；平级比较级（as expensive as）。

as…as 像……一样

The green apple is as sweet as the red one.

not as…as（not so…as）不像……一样，可以用来进行比较，意思是放在前面的人或物在程度上低于后面的人或物。

I don’t know as many people as you do.

It’s not as good as the expensive one 它不如那种价格高的好 [课文]

MR. FRITH:

MR. FRITH: MR. FRITH: three years.

MR. FRITH:

Do you like it, dear?

You always want the best, but we can't afford it. Sometimes you think you're a millionaire!

MRS. FRITH: I certainly do, but I don't like the price.

I like television very much. How much does it cost? It costs five hundred pounds. We can't afford all that money. It's only three hundred pounds.

But, of course, it's not as good as the expensive one. I don't like the model.

The other model's more expensive, but it's worth the money. Can we buy it on instalments?

You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds, and then fourteen pounds a month for

ASSISTANT: It's the most expensive model in the shop. MR. FRITH: That's too expensive for us.

ASSISTANT: This model's less expensive than that one.

ASSISTANT: Of course.

MR. FRITH: Millionaires don't buy things on instalments!

Lesson 113 Small change

[词汇]

conductor fare change note passenger none neither get off tramp except

★change v. 兑换 ① v. 兑换

n. 售票员 n. 车费，车票 v. 兑换 n. 纸币 n. 乘客

pron. 没有任何东西 adv. 也不 下车 n. 流浪汉 prep. 除…外

I want to change the pounds into dollars.

Could you change me a one-pound note, please? 能否请你换一镑的零钱给我？ ② v. 改变；更改

He changed his mind at last.

This plan is to change the desert into farmland. 这个计划是要将沙漠变为农田。 ③ v. 交换；改换

Shall we change our seats?

You’ve got to change your bus at the next stop. 你得在下一站换车。

★none pron. 没有任何东西

none代词，可与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。 None of our passengers can change this note. none在句中通常单独使用：

I bought none. 我没买什么东西。 no形容词，在句中一般修饰别的名词 no= not…any not否定副词

I have got some envelops. I haven’t got any envelops. I have got no envelops. I have got none.

★except prep. 除……外（不包括） The shop is open everyday expect Sunday.

I like him except when he’s gloomy. 除了他满脸阴沉的时候之外，我挺喜欢他。 besides prep. 除……之外（包括） There are three girls besides two doys. [语法]

so与neither引导的简短回答

以so或neither开头的简短回答，必须用倒装形式。 肯定句：So+助动词+主语 They can swim. So can I. 否定句：Neither+助动词+主语

I can’t help you. Neither can they.

假如前一句是肯定的，后一句就用so开头；如前一句是否定的，后一句则用neither/nor开头。前后两句的时态要一致。

[课文]

CONDUCTOR: Fares, please!

MAN: Trafalgar Square, please. CONDUCTOR:

I'm sorry, sir. I can't change a ten-pound note.

CONDUCTOR: Haven't you got any small change?

MAN: I've got no small change, I am afraid. CONDUCTOR: I'll ask some of the passengers.

Have you any small change, sir?

1st PASSENGER: I'm sorry. I've got none. 2nd PASSENGER: I haven't got any either.

CONDUCTOR: Can you change this ten-pound note, madam? 3rd PASSENGER: I'm afraid I can't. 4th PASSENGER: Neither can I.

CONDUCTOR: I'm very sorry, sir. You must get off the bus. None of our passengers can change this note. They're all millionaires! TWO TRAMPS: 1sth TRAMP:

Except us.

I've got some small change.

2nd TRAMP: So have I.

Lesson 115 Knock, Knock!

[词汇]（10）

anyone knock everything quiet impossible invite anything nothing lemonade joke

★impossible adj. 不可能的 It’s impossible.

That’s impossible. 那是不可能的。 It is possible for sb. to do sth.

It is possible for me to pass this exam. It is impossible for sb. to do sth.

★invite v. 邀请 ① v. 邀请

We’re inviting our colleagues to the party. 我们将邀请我们的同事参加这个聚会。

pron. 任何人 v. 敲，打 pron. 一切事物 adj. 宁静的，安静的 adj. 不可能的 v. 邀请 pron. 任何东西 pron. 什么也没有 n. 柠檬水 v. 开玩笑

I hate people who invite themselves. 我讨厌不请自来的客人。 ② v. 请求；要求

We invite readers’ letters for this magazine. 本杂志欢迎读者来信。 The speaker paused, seeming to invite questions from the audience. 演讲者稍停了一下，似乎在期待听众们提出问题。

★joke v. 开玩笑 ① v. 开玩笑

She is only joking with you. ② v. 取笑

Aren’t you joking me? ③ n. 玩笑；笑话

Don’t get angry-it was only a joke! The whole thing was a complete joke. [课文]

HELEN: Isn't there anyone at home? JIM: I'll knock again, Helen. Everything's very quiet.

I'm sure there's no one at home. HELEN: But that's impossible.

Carol and Tom invited us to lunch. Look through the window. HELEN: Can you see anything? JIM: Nothing at all.

HELEN: Let's try the back door. JIM: Look! Everyone's in the garden. CAROL: Hello, Helen. Hello, Jim.

TOM: Everybody wants to have lunch in the garden. It's nice and warm out here. CAROL: Come and have something to drink. JIM: Thanks, Carol.

May I have a glass of beer please? CAROL: Beer? There's none left. You can have some lemonade. JIM: Lemonade!

TOM: Don't believe her, Jim.

She's only joking. Have some beer! [课文注释]

1、Look through the window. see through 看透

I have seen through you. 我已经看透你了。

2、There’s none left.

句中的left是leave的过去分词，表示“剩下的、没用完的”，它还常位于不定代词之后，出现在there is/are结构中。

There is nothing left in the refrigerator.

Lesson 116 Every, no, any and some

[词汇]（2）

asleep glasses

every 每一个 everyone 每一个人

everybody 每一个人（多用于口语中） everything 每件事情 everywhere 到处，每个地方 none 没有 no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没什么事情 nowhere 不在任何地方 any 任何 anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事情 anywhere 任何地方

[any-用于疑问句与否定句中] some 一些 someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某件事情 somewhere 某个地方 [语法]

不定代词

1、不定代词的用法

adj. 睡觉，睡着（用作表语） n. 眼镜

Every（每一），no（无），any（若干）及some（一些）可与one，thing构成复合代词与where构成复合副词。

① 作主语：不定代词作主语都作单数看待，谓语动词一般用单数 Someone is knocking at the door. Nobody is absent.

Something is wrong with my watch. Everything is all right. ② 作宾语

I know nothing about it.

I didn't see anyone in the garden. She didn't talk to anyone at the party. She talked to nobody at the party. ③ 作表语

He is somebody（重要人物） in the company.

I am nobody（小人物，什么也不是）. But I have a dream. That’s nothing. 那没什么。

2、和some，any的用法一样，somebody/someone/something/somewhere一般用于肯定句；anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere用于疑问句与否定句；nothing/nobody/no one/nowhere相当于not anything/not anybody/not anyone/not anywhere。

I went nowhere.

3、一般情况下，形容词修饰名词时，通常形容词放在名词前面，形容词修饰不定代词时，通常形容词放在不定代词之后。

a beautiful bird something good

动词不定式（to+v.）可作定语，修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后。 something to eat

Lesson 117 Tommy's breakfast

[词汇]（6）

dinning room(hall) coin mouth swallow later toilet

★swallow v. 吞下 ① v. 吞下，咽下

Tommy had swallowed the coins. ② v. 抑制，使不流露

饭厅 n. 硬币 n. 嘴 v. 吞下 adv. 后来 n. 厕所，盥洗室

I tried hard to swallow my doubts. 我强忍着不露出怀疑的神色。

She swallowed a smile and sat there still. 她忍住没笑，静静地坐在那里。 ③ v. 吞并；侵吞

Our company was swallowed up by an American company last year. 我们公司去年被一家美国公司吞并了。

Nazi Germany nearly swallowed up the whole Europe in World War II. 第二次世界大战中，纳粹德国几乎吞并了整个欧洲。 [语法]

过去进行时 概念:

1、在过去某个特定的时间正在进行或发生的动作。 2、当过去的一个动作发生的时候另外一个动作正在进行。 结构：

主语+ was（were）+ doing S+ wasn’t（weren’t) +Ving Was（Were） +S +Ving?

I was reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday. I wasn’t reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday. Were you reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday? What were you doing at 7 o’clock yesterday?

连接时间状语从句的词：when 当……的时候；while 当……的时候（强调两个动作的同时进行） when和while大多数情况下可互换，当强调两个动作的同时进行和发生，只能用while。 just as 正当……

时间状语从句主句放前面，用连接词连接，时间状语从句放前面时，要用逗号隔开。

I was reading a book while my wife was working in the garden at two o’clock yesterday afternoon.

While my wife was working in the garden at two o’clock yesterday afternoon, I was reading a book.

[课文]

When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.

There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all. While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor. He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!

Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, My husband phoned me from the office. 'How's Tommy?' he asked. 'I don't know,' I answered, 'Tommy's been to the toilet three times this morning, but I haven't had any change yet!'

[课文注释]

1、He put them both into his mouth. both是them的民位语。

2、Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, My husband phoned me from the office. late that morning 那天上午的晚些时候

Lesson 118 What were you doing?

[词汇]（1）

ring

★ring v. 打电话；按铃 ① v. 鸣响；发出清脆的响声

Yesterday morning, my alarm clock didn’t ring at 7 o’clock as usual. When I was opening the from door, the telephone rang. ② v. 打电话；按铃

You said you were going to ring me last night, but you didn’t. Somebody is ringing the doorbell.

v. 响

Lesson 119 A true story

[词汇]（8）

story happen thief enter dark torch voice parrot

★story n. 故事（两个清辅音连在一起时，第二个音要浊化） story 一般性的故事，可以真实的也可以是虚构的，完整的故事 make up a story 偏造一个故事 makeup 化妆品 fable 寓言故事 legend 传奇故事 tale 神州故事，童话

n. 故事 v. 发生 n. 贼 v. 进入 adj. 黑暗的 n. 手电筒 n. （说话的）声音 n. 鹦鹉

★happen v. 发生 ① v. 发生 What happened? What’s happening?

It happen to sb. 发生在……身上

It happened to a friend of mine last year.

A strange thing happened to a friend of mine a year ago. How did the accident happen? ② v. 碰巧，恰好（to） 人+happen to do sth. 碰巧 I happen to know that professor. I happened to meet her on my way home.

★enter v. 进入 ① v. 进入；穿入

The bullet entered his heart. 子弹射入了他的必脏。 ② v. 参加；加入

Four students from our university entered the final contest. 我们大学的四名学生进入了竞赛的决赛。

He entered politics when he was 27. 他在27岁时步入了政界。

★dark adj. 黑暗的

in the dark 黑暗中，秘密的，特别无助

★voice n. （说话的）声音 voice 嗓音，人发出的声音 sound 声音

the sound of music 音乐之声 noise 噪音 [语法]

过去完成时

概念：在过去某一特定的时间之前，动作已经结束或完成；过去的两个动作进行比较时，发生在之前的那个动作应该用过去完成时。

结构：S+ had 动词过去分词 （+by the end of到……为止）

常与现在完成时连用的副词：already（已经），ever（曾经），for+表示时间段的词，just（刚刚），never（从未）。

I had seen 50 films by the end of last week.

I bought a new car last year after I had sold my old one. [课文]

Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.

While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen.

After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch.

Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them. \"What's up? What's up?\" someone called. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.

George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly.

He turned on the light, but he couldn't see anyone. The thieves had already gone.

But George's parrot, Henry, was still there. \"What's up, George?\" the called. 'Nothing, Henry,' George said and smiled. 'Go back to sleep.'

[课文注释]

1、It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. a friend of mine 我的朋友之一（双重所有格） one of my friends 我的一个朋友

2、What's up? 干什么？有什么事？

Lesson 120 It had already happened.

[词汇]（1）

Exercise book

n. 练习本

Lesson 121 The man in a hat

[词汇]（6）

customer forget manager serve counter recognize

★forget v. 忘记

forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 I have forgotten to bring my book. forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事

I will never forget finding that rare coin in my garden.

★serve v. 照应，服务，接待 ① v. 服务；接待；侍候

n. 顾客 v. 忘记 n. 经理

v. 照应，服务，接待 n. 柜台 v. 认出

Are you being served, sir? 先生，有人为您服务吗？ ② v. 供应；摆出（食物或饮料等）

What time is breakfast served in this hotel? 这个饭店里什么时候供应早餐？ ③ v. 为……服务/服役；任职

The old cook has served the family for 30 years. 这位老厨师已为这家干了30年了。 He began to serve in the Navy in 1960. 他从1960年起开始在海军服役。

★recognize v. 认出 ① v. 认出；认识

Can you recognize this tune? 你能听出这支曲调吗？ ② v. 承认；确认

I recognize that he is more capable than I am. 我承认他比我更有能力。

They recognized Richard as his lawful heir. 他们确认理查德为他的合法继承人。 Are british medical qualifications recognized in other European courntries? 英国的医生执照在欧洲其他国家能否得到承认？ [语法]

定语从句

定语从句像形容词一样起修饰作用,但位于所修饰的名词之后。定语从句由关系代词引导，紧跟在它所修饰的成分后面。关系代词who，whom与that修饰人，which与that修饰东西。关系代词指代从句的主语或宾语，同时又充当连接词，把从句和主句连接起来。

1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that ①（先行词）人 + who/that + 动词（作主语） The man who has white hair is Mr.White. ②（先行词）人+whose + 名词 + 动词（作定语） I have a friend whose father is a teacher.

③（先行词）人+ who/whom/that + 及物动词/不及物动词 + 介词（做宾语） The man we met is my uncle.

④（先行词）物 + which/that + 动词（作主语） which是指人以外的生命或没有生命的东西 This is the bird which always sings at night. ⑤（先行词）物+which/that + 主语 + 及物动词（作宾语） This is the letter I received yesterday. 2、定语从句中的省略

① 当关系代词代表主语并且从句中的谓语动词是（现在）进行时时态时，关系代词及助动词be均可省略

② 如果关系代词在从句中作动词或介词的宾语，关系代词往往可以省略。定语从句可用介词结尾。 ③ 如果关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提前了，介词后的关系代词只能加whom（人）/which（物），不能用that。

The woman standing behind the counter served me. That’s the ship we traveled on.

That’s the man I told you about. [课文]

CUSTOMER: I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot take them with me.

MANAGER: Who served you, sir?

CUSTOMER: The lady who is standing behind the counter. MANAGER: Which books did you buy?

CUSTOMER: The books which are on the counter.

MANAGER: Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline?

He says he's the man who bought these books. The man who I served was wearing a hat.

CUSTOMER: I can't remember. MANAGER: Have you got a hat, sir? CUSTOMER: Yes, I have.

MANAGER: Would you put it on, please? CUSTOMER: All right.

MANAGER: Is this the man that you served, Caroline? CUSTOMER: Yes. I recognize him now. [课文注释]

1、Why didn’t Caroline recognize the customer straight away? 为什么卡罗琳没有马上认出那位顾客？

2、The man who I served was wearing a hat.

此句为定语从句，由于被修饰的名词the man在定语从句中是动词served的宾语，因此，关系代词应该用宾语whom，但口语中往往用who。

Lesson 122 Who(whom),which and that

[词汇]

road

n. 路

Lesson 123 A trip to Australia

[词汇]

during trip travel offer job

prep. 在…期间 n. 旅行 v. 旅行 v. 提供 n. 工作

guess

grow(grew/grown) beard

★travel v. 旅行 ① v. 旅行；游历

v. 猜

v. 长，让…生长

n.（下巴上的）胡子，络腮胡子

He said that if he had a lot of money he would travel around the world. ② v. 行进；（被）传送

Light travels faster than sound at the speed of 300,000 kilometres per second. The news didn’t travel as fast as we had expected. 这消息传播得不如我们所预料得那样快。

★offer v. 提供 ① v.（主动）给予；提供

He is offered a job in Canada. 有人提供给他一份在加拿大的工作。 We offered some coffee to the guests. 我们为客人们提供了咖啡。 ② v. 提出；出（价）

Do you have any good suggestions to offer? 你能否提供一些好的建议？ I’ll offer you 30,000 for the house. ③ v.（主动）表示愿意，提议

He offered to help me with my research paper. 他表示愿意帮助我一起做我的研究论文。

‘I could lend you some books,’ Jane offered. “我可以借你一些书，”简自告奋勇地提议。

★grow(grew/grown) v. 长，让…生长 ① v. 生长；成长

His hair has grown to long. The trees have grown rapidly. ② v. 使生长；留（须发）

We grew a lot of roses in our garden. gorw a beard 留胡子

He grew a beard during the trip. [语法]

感叹句

What + n. +形容词 + S + v.! What a beautiful ship it is! How + adj.+S +v.!

How beautiful the ship is!

[课文]

MIKE: Look, Scott.

This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia. SCOTT: Let me see it, Mike.

This is a good photograph. Who are these people? That's the ship we travelled on. Who's this?

MIKE: They're people I met during the trip. SCOTT: What a beautiful ship!

MIKE: That's the man I told you about. Remember? SCOTT: Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia. MIKE: That's right. SCOTT: Who's this? MIKE: Guess!

SCOTT: It's not you, is it? MIKE: That's right.

I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home.

SCOTT: Why did you shave it off? MIKE: My wife didn't like it! [课文注释]

Why did you shave it off? shave it off 把胡子刮掉

Lesson 124 (who/whom),(which) and (that)

[词汇]（1）

kitten

n. 小猫

Lesson 125 Tea for two

[词汇]（6）

water terribly dry nuisance

mean(meant/meant) surprise

★water v. 浇水

① v. 浇（洒）水；供水；喂水

v. 浇水 adv. 非常 adj. 干燥的，干的 n. 讨厌的东西或人 v. 意味着，意思是 n. 惊奇，意外的事

The garden is very dry, I’m going to water it tomorrow morning. Tim is watering his lovely little dog. 蒂姆正在给他那只可爱的小狗喂水。 ② v. 充满水；充满泪水；流口水

He felt sad and his eyes watered a little. 他感到难过，眼睛有点儿湿润了。 Ice cream always makes his mouth water. 冰淇淋总能让他馋得淌口水。 ③ v. 搀水冲淡；加水稀释

Someone had been watering the milk. 有人往牛奶里搀了水。 He always waters drinks and sells them to tourists. 他总是在饮料里搀水并将之卖给游客们。 ④ n. 水

★nuisance n. 讨厌的东西或人 It’s terribly dry. What a nuisance!

★mean(meant/meant) v. 意味着，意思是 ① v. 意味着，即

It’s raining! That means you don’t need to water the garden. It means that… 那就意味着…… ② v.（词语）表示……意思

The green light means ‘Go on’. 绿灯的意思是“继续向前”。 What does…mean? 意思是什么？

What does ‘perfume’mean in English? ③ v. 意指；意欲

What I mean is that we’ll have to go back and look for it. 我的意思是：我们必须回去寻找它。

He didn’t mean to hurt you. 他的本意并不是想伤害你。

meaning n. 意思，意义

What’s your meaning? 你是什么意思？ [语法]

must, have to和needn’t

must, have to和needn’t三个词都表示必要性。Must是情态动词，而have to是普通动词，二者在肯定句中一般可互换，表示不可逃避的义务或责任。Must更带有说话人的主观色彩，而have to则更强调客观要求和外界影响。must一般只能表达现在的必要性，而have to则可以表达过去或将来的必要性。

I had to stop smoking because it was forbidden in my company.

如果用must来提问，则只能用其needn’t来表达否定的回答。needn’t还可以理解为have to的否定的回答。needn’t（don’t need to）和don’t have to都表示不必要；而mustn’t却表示绝对禁止，在说话人看来根本没有选择余地。

[课文]

SUSAN: Can't you come in and have tea now, Peter?

PETER: Not yet. I must water the garden first. SUSAN: Do you have to water it now? PETER: I'm afraid I must.

Look at it! It's terribly dry.

SUSAN: What a nuisance!

PETER: Last summer it was very dry, too. Don't you remember? I had to water it every day. SUSAN: Well, I'll have tea by myself.

That was quick! Have you finished already?

PETER: Yes. Look out of the window. SUSAN: It's raining!

That means you don't need to water the garden. PERTR: That was a pleasant surprise. It means I can have tea, instead. [课文注释]

Well, I'll have tea by myself. by myself 我自己，独自

Lesson 126 Have to and do not need to

[词汇]（1）

immediately

adv. 立即地

Lesson 127 A famous actress

[词汇]（5）

famous actress at least actor

read (read/read)

★famous adj. 著名的 ① adj. 著名的；出名的 She’s a very famous actress. be famous for 以……而出名 She is famous for her beauty. be famous as 作为……而出名

adj. 著名的 n. 女演员 至少 n. 男演员 v. 通过阅读得知

He is famous as a writer. fame n. 名誉，名声

② adj.（口）第一流的；极好的

To my surprise, he had a famous appetite. 让我感到惊讶的是，他有着极好的胃口。 This is famous weather for a stroll. 这是散步最理想的天气。

★at least 至少 ① 至少

This antique vase is worth at least 20,000. 这只古花瓶至少价值两万英镑。 At least, you should consider our suggestions. 至少你应该考虑一下我们的建议。 ② 反正；无论如何；不管怎样

He has no plans to go abroad yet, at least as far as I know. 他尚未有出国的计划，至少据我所知是这样的。

That party wasn’t exciting at all, but at least it filled the time. 那个聚会一点儿都不令人兴奋，但不管怎样，它使人打发了那段时光。 [语法]

表示猜测和推断的情态助动词must和can’t

表示有客观事实作为依据的推测和判断的最常用形式是must和can’t。它们一般与系动词be连用。肯定的推断用must be来表示，否定的推断用can’t be来表示，而不用mustn’t。

He can’t be a doctor. He must be a dentist. 他肯定不是一个医生。他肯定是个牙医。 表示对现在的猜测和推断：

He can’t be shaving. He must be having a bath. 他不可能在剃胡子。他一定是在洗澡。 表示对过去的猜测和推断，用must have been表示肯定的推断，用can’t have been来表示否定的推断，如后面跟进行时则表示对过去正在进行的动作的猜测。

She can’t have been 29. She must have been 36. 她那时肯定不会是29岁，她一定36岁了。

He can’t have been reading. He must have been sleeping. 他那时肯定不是在看书，他准是在睡觉。 [课文]

KATE: Can you recognize that woman, Liz? LIZ: I think I can, Kate.

It must be Karen Marsh, the actress. KATE: I though so.

Who's that beside her? LIZ: That must be Conrad Reeves. KATE: Conrad Reeves, the actor?

It's can't be. Let me have another look. I think you're right! Isn't he her third husband? LIZ: No. He must be her fourth or fifth.

KATE: Doesn't Karen Marsh look old! LIZ: She does, doesn't she!

I read she's twenty-nine, but she must be at least forty. KATE: I'm sure she is.

LIZ: She was a famous actress when I was still at school. KATE: That was a long time ago, wasn't it? LIZ: Not that long ago!

I'm not more than twenty-nine myself. [课文注释]

1、I thought so.

so是代词，意为“这样”、“如此”。I think so.的否定句为I don’t think so. I hope so. 我希望如此。 I expect so. 我期待如此。 I told you so. 我这么告诉过你的。 2、I’m not more than twenty-nine myself. 其中not more than是“不超过”、“不到”的意思。

Lesson 129 Seventy miles an hour

[词汇]（10）

wave track mile speed limit dream sign

driving licence charge darling

★wave v. 招手 ① v. 招手；挥手示意

He waved us quiet. 他挥手要我们别出声。 wave to sb. 平等的挥手，仅仅表示一个方向 wave at sb. 朝某人 wave sb. goodbye

She waved me goodbye. 她向我挥手告别。 ② v. 起伏；飘动

The flag is waving in the wind. 旗帜正在风中飘扬。

v. 招手 n. 跑道 n. 英里 限速

v. 做梦，思想不集中 n. 标记，牌子 驾驶执照 v. 罚款

n. 亲爱的（用作表示称呼）

overtake (overtook/overtaken) v. 从后面超越，超车

She was attracted by the waving sea. 她被那汹涌起伏的大海吸引。 ③ n. 波

含有at的词组往往都有不礼貌的成分 shout at 朝某人喊 point at 指着某人 laugh at 嘲笑

★dream v. 做梦，思想不集中 ① v. 做梦；梦见

He dreamt about his grandmother last night. 他昨天夜里梦见他的祖母了。 Do you often dream at night? 你晚上经常做梦吗？ ② v. 梦想；幻想

She dreamed that one day she would be as free as a bird. 她幻想着有一天自己能像鸟儿那般自由。 I once dreamed of becoming a famous doctor. 我曾一度梦想着成为一位著名的医生。 ③ v. 出神；心不在焉；空想

Don’t dream away your life! 不要在想入非非中虚度你的人生。 Sorry, I didn’t see the sign .I must have been dreaming. 对不起，我没看见那牌子。我一定是思想开小差了。 ④ n. 梦

★charge v. 罚款 ① v. 罚款；使承受经济负担

He was charged by the policeman for speeding. 他因开车超速而被罚款。 ② v. 要（价）；收（费）

The hotel charged them ￥900 for one night. 饭店向他们索要900元作为住一晚的费用。 ③ v. 指挥；指责

They charged him with murder. 他们指挥他犯了谋杀罪。 [课文]

ANN:

Look, Gary! That policeman's waving to you. He wants you to stop. On a race track?

You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour.

POLICEMAN: Where do you think you are?

GARY: I can't have been.

POLICEMAN: I was doing eighty when I overtook you.

Didn't you see the speed limit?

GARY: I'm afraid I didn't, officer.

GARY: I must have been dreaming. ANN: He wasn't dreaming, officer.

I was telling him to drive slowly.

GARY: That's why I didn't see the sign. POLICEMAN: Let me see your driving licence.

I won't charge you this time. But you'd better not do it again!

GARY: Thank you. I'll certainly be more careful. ANN: I told you to drive slowly, Gary.

GARY: You always tell me to drive slowly, darling. ANN: Well, next time you'd better take my advice! [课文注释]

1、Where do you think you are?

do you think是用在特殊疑问句中的插入语，用来征询见解或表达看法。

入语一般是对句子加一些附加解释，在句子中作成分。常用来作插入语的结构有I hope，I think，I’m afrad，you know等。插入语可位于句尾或句中，有时也可出现在疑问句。

2、That's why I didn't see the sign. 以why引导的从句用来解释事情的原因。

3、Well, next time you'd better take my advice!

had better用于建议在将来某一具体场合采取的动作，而不用于一般情况，比should语气更为强烈，常有威胁、告诫或催促的意味。

Take on’e advice 听从劝告

Lesson 131 Don't be so sure!

[词汇]（3）

Egypt abroad worry

★worry v. 担忧 ① v. 担忧；发愁

Mum always worries too much and it makes her tired. 妈妈总是过度忧虑，而这使她疲惫。

She’s worried that she might lose her job soon. 她担心也许很快她就会丢掉她现在的工作。 worry about 担心 worry too much 顾虑重重

n. 埃及 adv. 国外 v. 担忧

② v. 困扰；使不安宁

Doesn’t it worry you that his health is becoming worse? 他的身体越来越差，你不担心吗？

She is always worrying him for presents. 她总是缠着他要礼物。

★look after ① 照料，照顾，照管

Who’s going to look after the garden when we are away? 我们离开时谁来照料花园呢？

Sally will help us to look after the children tomorrow. 萨莉明天会帮我们照看孩子们的。 ② 注意；关心

Don’t worry about me—I can look after myself. 别担心——我会照顾她自己的。 The doctor advised him to look after his health. 医生建议他他要注意自己的健康。 [语法]

情态助动词may表示可能性

may和might都表示“可能、也许”,might所表示的可能性要比may小，且当情况是虚拟时只能用might而不能用may。

may表示现在或将来的可能性：may+动词原形 The bread may be fresh. He may be reading.

may也可表示过去的可能性：may have (done) He was late. He may have been busy.

I went out last night, and she may have been reading. [课文]

MARTIN: Where are you going to spend your holidays this year, Gary? GARY: We may go abroad. I'm not sure. My wife wants go to Egypt. I'd like to there, too. We can't make up our minds. MARTIN: Will you travel by sea or air? GARY: We may travel by sea. MARTIN: It's cheaper, isn't it?

GARY: It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. MARTIN: I'm sure you'll enjoy yourselves. GART: Don't be so sure.

We might not go anywhere. My wife always worries too much. Who's going to look after the dog? Who's going to look after the house?

GART: Who's going to look after the garden? We have this problem every year.

In the end, we stay at home and look after everything! [课文注释]

1、We can't make up our minds.

make up one’s mind是表示下定决心的一处固定用法。

2、Will you travel by sea or by air? by sea 乘船，by air 乘飞机

3、It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. take a long time 花很长时间

Lesson 133 Sensational news!

[词汇]（3）

reporter sensational mink coat

★sensational adj. 爆炸性的，耸人听闻的 ① v. 令人兴奋的；轰动性的

The discovery was sensational. 那个发现引起了轰动。 ② v. (贬)耸人听闻的；企图追求轰动效应的

The sensational news report didn’t have much effect on them. 那起耸人听闻的新闻报导对他们并无多大影响。 ③ v. (口)非常好；给人深刻印象的

She looks sensational in that dress! 她穿那条裙子的样子真令人难忘！

★wonder v. 感到好奇 ① v. 感到好奇；想要知道

I wonder why he hasn’t come. 我很想知道他为什么没来。 I was wondering if I could borrow your bicycle. I wonder why. 我想知道为什么。 我在想是否能借用你的自行车。 ② v. 感到惊讶（或诧异）

She wonders at his rudeness. 她对他的无礼感到惊讶。

I shouldn’t wonder if she is elected. 如果她当选，我不会感到惊奇。

n. 记者

adj. 爆炸性的，耸人听闻的 n. 貂皮大衣

[语法]

需改变时态的间接陈述句

间接引语从句的时态要和主句保持一致，主句用过去式时，除述时从句的时态通常要“往回移”，一般规则是：现在时变为过去时，过去时变为过去完成时。为过去时或条件时态的情态动词和过去完成时在转述时不变，因为不可能再往回移了。

She said (that) she could see me the next day.

情态助动词的变化：may—might，can—could，will—would，won’t—wouldn’t，going to—would，can’t—couldn’t等。

[课文]

REPORTER: Have you just made a new film, Miss Marsh? MISS MARSH: Yes, I have.

REPORTER: Are you going to make an another? MISS MARSH: No, I'm not.

for a long time.'

LIZ:

I wonder why!

I'm going to retire. I feel very tired.

I don't want to make another film for a long time. Listen to this!

'Karen Marsh: Sensational News! By our reporter, Alan Jones.

Karen Marsh arrived at London Airport today. She was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat. She told me she had just made a new film. She said she was not going to make another. She said she was going to retire.

She told reporters she felt very tired and didn't want to make another film

KATE: Let's buy a newspaper, Liz.

Lesson 135 The latest report

[词汇]（5）

future get married hotel latest introduce

★future n. 未来的 in the future 在未来

future wife 未婚妻； future husband 未婚夫

n. 未来的 结婚 n. 饭店 adj. 最新的 vt. 介绍

★get married 结婚

They will get married next week.

marry v. 结婚（瞬间动词，不能用完成时） They have married for 10 years. × married adj. 已婚的

They have been married for 10 year. ∨ marriage n. 结婚

同样的瞬间动词还有die，不能用在完成时中，其形容词为dead： They have been dead for ten years. He died last year.

★introduce vt. 介绍 ① v. 介绍；引导

He was introduced to Mrs. Black at that party. 在那个聚会上，他被介绍跟布莱克太太相识了。 May I introduce my future husband to you? 让我介绍你跟我的未婚夫认识好吗？ ② v. 引进；推行

Panda has been introduced into Japan from China. 大熊猫由中国引入日本。 Economic reforms have been introduced in China. 中国推行了经济方面的改革。 ③ v. 引领；（初次）提出

The guest was introduced into a room upstairs. 客人被领进了楼上的一个房间。 He introduced a new topic for our discussion. 他提出了一个新的议题供我们讨论。

★really adv. 真正的 ① adv. 真正地；确实地

Are you really going to retire? 你真的准备退休吗？

He wants to know what really happened. 他想知道事实的。 ② adv. (用以加强语气)实在；其实 I really don’t mind. 我真的不介意。

You don’t really expect him to believe that, do you? 你其实并不指望他相信那一点，对吗？

③ adv. (表示疑问、惊讶、恼怒等)真的；是吗；真是的 It is said that she’s going to retire. 听说她要退休了。 Really? 真的吗？

Oh really! It’s terrible for him. 喔，真是的！这对他来说太可怕了。 [语法]

Let的用法：

let与一般动词不同，它用于动词+ 宾语+ 动词原形结构，即let后面可接名词或代词，再接不带to 的动词不定式。其意思为“允许、让”。

Just let me try! 就让我试试吧！

Her parents wouldn’t let her go out with that boy.

[课文]

REPORTER: Are you really going to retire, miss Marsh? MISS MARSH: I may.

I can't make up my mind.

I will have to ask my future husband. He won't let me make another film.

REPORTER: Your future husband, Miss Marsh?

MISS MARSH: Yes. Let me introduce him to you. His name is Carlos.

We're going to get married next week. Here's another report about Karen Marsh.

Listen: 'Karen Marsh: The latest. At her London Hotel today Miss Marsh told She said she couldn't make up her mind. She said she would have to ask her

KATE: Look, Liz!

reporters she might retire.

future husband. She said her future husband would not let her make another film.

KATE: Then she introduced us to Carlos and told us they would get married next week'.

LIZ:

That's sensational news, isn't it, Kate?

KATE: It certainly is. He'll be her sixth husband!

Lesson 137 A pleasant dream

[词汇]（6）

football pool

win (won, won) world poor depend

★football n.足球；（美）橄榄球 soccer （美）足球

do the football pool 做足球赌注

★world n. 世界 in the world 在世界上 worldwide 全世纪范围的 see the world 看世界 I want to see the world. travel round the world 周游世界

n. 足球 n. 赌注 v. 赢 n. 世界 adj. 贫穷的 v. 依靠（on）

★depend v. 依靠（on） ① v. 视……而定；取决于 When are you coming back? Well, it depends. 哦，看情况吧。

It depends on whether they win or not. 这取决于他们是否能能赢。 ② v. 依靠；依赖

The country depends heavily on its export of farming products. 这个国家在很大程度上依赖于其农产品的出口。

They depended on us for help. 他们依靠的是我们的帮助。 ③ v. 信赖；相信

We can depend on the accuracy of the test. 我们可以相信测试的准确性。

You can depend on John—he is an honest man.

★win (won, won) v.赢 ① v. 赢（如比赛或奖项）；获胜 Which team won?

He felt very excited to have won the gold medal. 赢得了金牌，他感到非常兴奋。 ② v.（经过努力等）赢得；取得；成功 Do you think he will win the election? 你认为他竞选会成功吗？

He had been applying for a scholarship and he won at last. 他一直在申请奖学金并终于获得了。 [语法]

条件从句

在英文中，条件是指某一事情（状语从句中的动作）实现之后其他事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译为“假如”。如果条件状语从句用于询问或谈论十分可能发生的事情，那么条件状语从句中常用一般现在时，而主句中则用一般将来时。

结构：主句 + if 从句 或 if 从句, 主句 If you rains tomorrow, I won’t go to work. You must go to school if you feel better.

You will have to pay for it if you break the window.

if从句中的现在时表示需具备的条件，主句中的shall/will将来时表示可能的结果。 [课文]

JULIE: Are you doing the football pools, Brain? BRIAN: Yes, I've nearly finished, Julie.

Julie. I'm sure we'll win something this week.

JULIE: You always say that, but we never win anything! What will you do if you win a lot of money?

BRIAN: If I win a lot of money I'll buy you a mink coat. JULIE: I don't want a mink coat! I want to see the world. BRIAN: All right.

If we win a lot of money We'll travel round the world and we'll stay at the best hotels.

Then we'll return home and buy a big house in the country. We'll have a beautiful garden and …

JULIE: But if we spend all that money we'll be poor again. What'll we do then?

BRIAN: If we spend all the money we'll try and win the football pools again. JULIE: It's a pleasant dream but everything depends on 'if'!

Lesson 139 Is that you, John?

[词汇]（5）

extra overseas engineering company line

★extra adj. 额外的

① adj. 额外的；外加的；另外收费的

Could you get an extra bottle of milk? 请你再拿一瓶牛奶好吗？ On Sundays, she always gets some extra sleep. 星期天她总是比平时多睡一会儿。

Guests at this hotel can use the gym at no extra cost. 这家饭店的客人们可以使用健身房，不再额外收费。 ② adv. 额外地；另外

He usually works extra on weekends. 他通常在周末加班。 They’ll charge you extra for room service. 饭菜送到房间是要另外收费的。

She is extra nice to her colleagues these days. 这些日子她对她的同事们特别好。

★overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 ① adj. 海外的；国外的

The universit recruits a large number of overseas students each year. 这所大学每年招收大量的外国留学生。

The small country depends heavily on its overseas trade. 这个小国在很大程度上依赖于其海外贸易。

adj. 额外的 adj. 海外的，国外的 n. 工程 n. 公司 n. 线路

② adv. 在（或向）海外；在（或向）国外

John is going to work overseas soon. 约翰不久就要出国工作了。 He has never been overseas. 他还从未出过国。 [课文]

GRAHAM TURNER: Is that you, John? JOHN SMITH: Yes, speaking.

GRAHAM TURNER: Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening. JOHN SMITH: I'm afraid I don't understand. GRAHAM TURNER: Hasn't Mary told you?

do some extra work.

GRAHAM TURNER: I'll have to stay at the office. I don't know when I'll finish.

Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.

JOHN SMITH: I don't know what you're talking about. GRAHAM TURNER: That is John Smith, isn't it? JOHN SMITH: Yes, I'm John Smith.

GRAHAM TURNER: You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you? JOHN SMITH: That's right.

GRAHAM TURNER: You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you? JOHN SMITH: No, I don't. line.

[课文注释]

Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.

by the way 顺便（问、说一下），说话者忽然想到另一件事的时候用此来表示改变话题。

I'm John Smith the telephone engineer and I'm repairing your telephone She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening.

I said I would be at your house at six o'clock, but the boss wants me to

Lesson 141 Sally's first train ride

[词汇]（13）

excited get on middle-aged opposite curiously funny powder compact kindly

adj. 兴奋的 登上 adj. 中年的 prep.在……对面 adv.好奇地

adj. 可笑的，滑稽的 n. 香粉 n. 带镜的化妆盒 adv. 和蔼地

ugly amused smile embarrassed

★curiously adv.好奇地 ① adv. 好奇地

adj. 丑陋的 adj. 有趣的 v. 微笑 adj. 尴尬

The little boy watched curiously as his mum opened the box. ② adv. 过于好奇地

She curiously opened the letter addressed to her husband. 她抑制不住好奇心，拆开了别人写给她丈夫的信。

★kindly adv. 和蔼地 ① adv. 和蔼地；亲切地

He treats the children kindly. 他待孩子们和蔼而仁慈。 The old man greeted us kindly.

② adv. 请（=please，有时表示客气，有时表示不满等） Will you kindly leave the room? 请你离开这房间好吗？ Kindly acknowledge this letter. 此信收到后请告知。 ③ adv. 乐意地；感谢地

He never takes criticism kindly. 他从不乐于接受批评。

★embarrassed adj. 尴尬 ① v. 尴尬的；局促不安的

He felt so embarrassed at that moment.

The girl was very embarrassed to speak in front of so many strangers. 在如此之多的陌生人面前讲话，那个女孩子很是局促不安。 ② v. 陷入困境的；拮据的

He was financially embarrassed. 他经济上陷入了困境。

He says that he is embarrassed at the moment, but he will be able to pay you next month. [语法]

被动语态

英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。在被动句中，主语是动作的承受者。

英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式，这些动词如amuse，embarrass，worry，surprise，interest，upset等。

被动语态的构成：be+过去分词

过去分词不一定指过去，时态与be动词有关： 一般现在时：主+am/is/are+动词的过去分词 The car is repaired by my brother regularly. 一般过去时：主+was/were+动词的过去分词

She was dressed in red.

现在进行时：主+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词 The car is being repaired by them.

现在完成时：主+have/has+been+动词过去分词 The house has been built by them. 一般将来时：主+will+be+动词原形

The thief will be caught by the policeman soon. 过去进行时：主+was/were+being+动词的过去分词 The house was being built by them at this time last year. 过去完成时：主+had+been+动词过去分词

They project had been finished by the end of last year. 情态动词：情态动词+be+动词过去式 The work must be finished before five o’clock.

英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式，这些动词如amuse，embarras，worry，surprise，interest，upset等。

She is embarrassed. They were worried. [课文]

Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party. I decided to take her by train. Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before. She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. Suddenly, a middle-age lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally. 'Hello, little girl,' she said. Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously. The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took to her power compact. She then began to make up her face. 'Why are you doing that?' Sally asked. 'To make myself beautiful,' the lady answered. She put away her compact and smiled kindly. 'But you are still ugly,' Sally said. Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!

[课文注释]

1、Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party. my four-year-old daughter 我那4岁的女儿

four-year-old是复合形容词，名词用连字符连在一起构成复合形容词。

a thirteen-year-old girl 一个13岁的姑娘； a middle-aged lady 一位中年女士 hand-made 手工制作的

2、She then began to make up her face. make up 化妆，打扮（指擦胭脂、抹粉）

3、She put away her compact and smiled kindly. put away 收拾好，储存备用 take out 拿出

Lesson 142 Someone invited Sally to a party.

Sally was invited to a party.

[词汇]（2）

worried regularly

adj. 担心，担忧 adv. 经常地，定期的

Lesson 143 A walk through the woods

[词汇]

surround wood beauty spot hundred city through visitor tidy litter litter basket place

throw( threw; thrown) rubbish count cover piece tyre rusty among

prosecute

★surround v.包围；围绕

依法处置 prep.在……之间 n. 轮胎 adj. 生锈的 v. 数，点 v. 覆盖 n. 碎片 n. 垃圾 v. 扔，抛

n. 参观者，游客，来访者 adj. 整齐的 n. 杂乱的东西 废物筐 v. 放 v. 包围 n. 树林 风景点 n. 百 n. 城市 prep.穿过

The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.

That old professor loved to surround himself with young people. 那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。

When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes. 当我走进房间时，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的周围到处都是盒子。

★place v. 放 ① v.（小心地）放；放置

He placed the record back to the shelf. 他把唱片放回到架子上。 Their request placed me in a difficult position. 他们的要求将我置于困境。 ② v. 任命；安置

The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo. 公司任命他在东京的一家分支机构工作。

There is no better way to place the homeless children. 没有更好的办法来安置这些无家可归的孩子们。

★prosecute 依法处置 ① v. 起诉，检举；依法处置

Trespassers will be prosecuted. 闲人莫入，违者法办。

They prosecuted him for shoplifting. 他们起诉他扒窃商店货物。 ② v.（书面语）彻底进行；执行

We are going to prosecute the investigation further. 我们将进一步彻底进行调查。 [课文]

I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, 'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'