Unit 7
Teaching Objectives:
By the end of this unit, the students will be expected to be able to
1. learn something about the relationship between sleep and emotions and know how to scientifically arrange your work and rest to keep from psychological illnesses;
2. use skillfully the 10 key words and 6 expressions learned in TEXT A in conversations and writings, and be familiar with the words and phrases learned in the text;
3. learn something about weight-lifting, weight-losing and their relationship with our health; learn as many language points as possible in TEXT B;
4. consolidate the basic grammar on the future tense;
5. get to know how to write letters to accept or refuse an invitation.
Teaching Methods: Lecture, Discussion…
Unit Duration: 8 class hours(45 minutes each)
Teaching procedures:
I. Preparatory
1. Words And Phrases Learned In Display
average: usually do something or usually happen a particular number of times 平均为…
distinguish:To perceive as being different or distinct from similar things or people 区别，分清
engage: take part or become involved in an activity 参加，参与
vary: be different in different situations 不同，（因）…而异
involve: include something as a necessary part or result 涉及，包含，包括
betray: be or give a sight of 显示，暴露
tend: often do a particular thing 易于，往往会
compensate: remove the bad result of something 弥补，补偿
contrast: a difference between people, ideas, or thing, etc. that are compared 比较
refresh: make you feel that you have more energy again, especially when you
are tired or hot 使恢复活力，使振作精神
2. Expressions Learned In Display
1. mull over 2. get along on 3. was tempted 4. involve … in 5. work out
II. Language In Context
1. Information Related To The Text
Ernest L Hartmann is a psychiatrist and psychiatrist and psychoanalyst in the U.S. He is making research in sleep and dreaming. His works The Functions of Sleep (New Haven, Yale University Press) and Dreams and Nightmares: The Origin and Meaning of Dreams were published in 1973 and 2001 sparately. In the latter
book, drawing on his clinical practice, his research on sleep and dreaming, and over five thousand of his own dreams, Ernest Hartmann proposes a new theory of dreams that shows us how they help us make sense of our emotions and, ultimately, reveal most profoundly who we are. He holds some different viewpoints from Freudians. He argues that dreams are meaningful and shows how dreams, guided by the emotions of the dreamer, make broad connections among our experiences in life. In the end, he concludes, dreaming is immensely useful to the most important psychological task we face and reveals most profoundly who we are.
2. Introductory Remarks
This text is a research report ,which is written in a formal style. In this text you will find features of this type of text-long sentences, formal words, data and quotations that are used as evidence to reveal the source reliable and make the report convincing.
3. Language Points
1)Ninety-five percent of adult Americans average seven to eight hours a night.
average: usually do something or usually happen a particular number of times 平均为…
The rainfall here averages 800mm a year. 这里的降雨量每年平均为800毫米。 The cost of developing the new drug averages around $500 million. 目前研制一种新药的耗资约在5亿美圆左右。
2)The rest seem to need more than nine hours, or get along nicely on less than six.
get along on
a)manage to live or do something 勉强过活，勉强做下去
We can't get along on $100 a month. 一月100美圆我们无法过日子。
How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?Oh, I get along somehow. 没有助手你是怎样做你的工作的？哦，我自己对付着做的。
b)make progress,advance 取得进步，进展 How are you getting along in school? 你在学校学习进展如何？ John is getting along in England better than he expected. 约翰在英国取得的成绩比他预料的要大
3)What distinguishes the long and short sleepers from the majority?
distinguish from V. be able to recognize and undersand the difference between two similar things or people 区别，分清
There are some features that distinguish spoken English from written English.
有一些区分口语和书面语的特征。 It is difficult to distinguish anything in the dark.
在黑暗中很难辩清东西。
4)To get some answers, psychiatrist Ernest L Hartmann, 36, advertised in Boston and New York papers for long and short sleepers to engage in an eight-night \"sleep-in\" at Boston State Hospital's Sleep and Dream Laboratory, which Hartmann directed. 这是一个复合句，To get some answers作目的状语；for long and short sleepers to engage in an eight-night \"sleep-in\" at Boston State Hospital's Sleep and Dream Laboratory是副词短语，作动词advertised的目的状语；which Hartmann directed是非限定性定语从句，修饰Laboratory
engage in: take par or become involved in an activity 参加，参与
He engaged in a serious study of the problem. 他认真地投入对这个问题的研究。 He is a politican who keeps engaging in various business activities. 他是一个政治家，总是忙于各种公务。
direct a) be in charge of something 负责 Stella had been asked to direct the research project. 思德拉被指定负责那个研究项目。 Mr Brown directs a large company. 布朗先生负责管理一家大公司。
b) tell somebody what they should do指示，命令
The general directed the prisoners should be set free. 将军命令释放俘虏。 The medicine should be taken as directed by the doctor.
这药必须遵医嘱服用。
5）…not so much physically as psychologically.
这是一个副词短语用作比较状语，意思是身体上的差别远没有心理上的差别大。 I have not seen so much of the world as he.
我见过的世面没有他那么多。 She is not so much artless as naive.
与其说她是天真不如说她幼稚无知。
6)For them sleep served varying, sometimes surprising purposes.. vary V. be different in different situations不同，（因）……而异 In the park you can see flowers that vary in colour and size. 在公园里你能看到各种不同颜色和大小的花朵。 Television sets vary widely in price.
电视机的价格差别很大。
7)The short tended to be conformist and emotionally stable.\"They are a succesful and relatively healthy bunch with very little overt psychopathology.\" said Hartmann.
tend V. a) often do a particular thing
易于，往往会
He tends to be angry when people disagree with him. 别人不同意他的意见，他就会生气
b) be inclined to 趋于 Current English tends to be very informal. 现代英语趋向于非正式的语言。
bunch n. (singular ) a group of people 伙
They are a friendly bunch.
他们是一伙好朋友。
Our new neighbours are a weird bunch.
我们的新邻居是一伙神秘怪诞的人。
8)\"Their entire life-style involves keeping busy and avoiding psychological problems rather than facing them.\" involve v. include something as a necessary part or result
涉及，包含，包括
I didn't realized putting on a play involved so much work. 以前我没有想到上演一出戏涉及这么多的工作。 Being a sailor involves long periods away from home. 作一个海员就必定要经常长时间离开家。
be involved in: take part in an activity or event , or be connnected with it in some way.参与，卷入 More than thirty software firms were involved in the project. 三十多家软件公司参与了这个项目。 The young man was involved in the robbery. 这个年轻人参与了抢劫。 Don't involve yourself in trouble. 不要把自己卷进麻烦中。
rather than: a) more than, or to a greater degree than someone or something是…而不是，应…而不应
The parents should be blamed rather than the children. 该责备的是父母而不应该是孩子们。 He ran rather than walked. 他是在跑而不是在走（与其说他在走还不如说他在跑）。
b)instead of someone or something 而不是，与其…而宁愿 People hope than reason rather than prejudice would prevail in the community.
人们希望在这个地区是理性而不是偏见占上风。
9)They also awakened seldom during the night and arose in the morning refreshed and ready to go.
refresh v. make you feel that you have more energy again, especially when you are tired or hot 使恢复活力，使振作精神 A nap at noon always refreshes me. 中午小睡一会儿总使我精神振作。
He refreshed himself with a glass of beer.
他喝了杯啤酒提提神。
10) Long sleepers, in contrast, checked out nonconformist, shy, somewhat withdrawn, and melancholy.
此处nonconformist, shy, somewhat withdrawn, and melancholy可看作主语的补语。
in contrast 对比之下（完全不同），与…形成鲜明对比 His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin. 他一头白发与黑皮肤形成鲜明对比。 In contrast to your belief that we shall fail, I know that we shall succeed.与你
的看法正相反，我知道我们一定会成功。
checked out 调查后发现是真实的 Does her story check out? 她讲的情况是否查对属实？ This report seems to check out.
这份报告看起来真实可信。
11)Some betrayed \"mild anxiety neuroses\" and depression.
betray v. a) be disloyal to 背叛，失信于 He would rather die than betray his country. 他宁死也不愿背叛他的祖国。 He will not betray her trust. 他不会辜负她的信任。
b) be or give a sign of 显示，暴露 His accent betrays his nationality. 从他的口音可以知道他的国藉。 The tremor in his voice betrayed his nervousness.
他颤抖的声音显示出他很紧张。
III. Toward Productive Language
1. Language Points
1) Have you ever considered that it may be something to do with low self-esteem?
consider v. a)think about something, especially whether to accept or do something 考虑，细想
Any reasonable offer will be considered. 任何有道理的提议都会被考虑的。 Her health is good if you consider her age. 如果你考虑到她的年龄，她的身体还不错
b) think of something or somebody in a particular way 认为，把……看作
I consider it a great humour to be invited. 我认为邀请我是一种幽默。
He is considered to be an authority. 他被认为是权威。
to be/have something to do with: be related to 与……有关 He kept the documents to do with this problem in the safe. 他把与这个问题有关的文件存放在保险柜里。 It is likely that he has something to do with the theft.
他很有可能与那件偷窃案有关。
2)…self-esteem involves how much a person values himself or herself and appreciates his or her own worth and importance. value v. think something important to you 重视，珍视
We should value sincerity beyond all things.
我们应该把诚意看得比什么都重要。
The local government values experts' advice.
地方很重视专家们的建议。
appreciate v. understand how good or useful someone or something is 重视，赏识
Teachers are highly appreciated in that country.
在那个国家里教师受到高度重视。
Mr Smith appreciates his abilities.
史密斯先生很赏识他的才能。
3)…especially teens who are still working out who they are and where they fit into the world.
work out: understand 弄懂，搞明白It is very strange situation. I cannot work it out.
情况太奇怪了，我搞不明白。
No one can work out how the fire started.
谁也不清楚火是怎样烧起来的。
fit into: be suitable for something 使……适合
If you gain any more weight, you shall not be able to fit into your clothes.
如果你再胖的话，这些衣服就不能穿了。
Any new buildings must be fitted into the existing appearance of the city.
任何新的建筑必须与城市的现有风貌一致。
2. Comprehention Questions
1) What does self-esteem involve according to D'Arcy Lyniss?
According to D'Arcy Lyniss, self-esteem involves how much a person values himself or herself and appreciates his or her own worth and importance. It is the result of comparing how we'd like to be and what we'd like to achieve with how we actually see ourselves.
2)What does constant criticism result in ?
Constant criticism will inevitably hurt self-esteem. Teachers and parents should be careful with criticism to the children. Children tend to do something that doesn't satisfy adults, since they are going through a period when teens are working out who they are and where they fit into the world. Adults don't have to find fault with everything they do. They should learn what can hurt self-esteem and what can build up their sense of self-esteem.
IV. Homework:
1.Dictation of the new words
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