如何提高小学英语课堂教学效率研究

若云軒 外语系本科毕业论文

论文英文题目: A Study of How to Improve Efficiency of English Classroom Teaching at Primary Schools

论文中文题目: 如何提高小学英语课堂教学效率研究

本科毕业论文（设计）目录

Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

摘要

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

I. Introduction-----------------------------------------------------------------------------2

II. Analysis of Low Teaching Efficiency of Primary Schools’ English Class-- 2

1.Problems in teaching

2. Problems in learning

III. Strategies for Improving the Teaching Efficiency of Primary

English

Schools’

Class----------------------------------------------------------------------------4

1. Making mastering the new teaching idea

2. Preparation before class

2.1 Preparation of teaching material

2.2 Preparation of students

2.3 Preparation of methods 3. Using emotional education

4. Building up students' interests of learning English

4.1 Creating teaching situation and classroom atmosphere

4.2 The knowledge glamour of teachers

4.3 The combination of teaching and activities

5. Improving teacher's quality

6. The use of modern educational media

7. Reflection after class

7.1 Teaching summary after class

7.2 The arrangement of the homework after class

IV. Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------

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Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13

A Study of How to Improve Efficiency of English Classroom Teaching at

Primary School

Abstract

Classroom is a place where teachers share knowledge with their students. Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of English classroom teaching at primary schools and how to help students acquire knowledge as much as possible have become problems. More and more teachers pay attention to the problem. There are no fixed methods in English teaching. Teachers need to use different ways to face different schools, different students and different contents. Every method has its own advantages and disadvantages, that is to say, teachers do not have a way to meet all students’ and classrooms’ needs. There are many ways to improve this kind of situation. This paper analyzes this phenomenon and proposes some ways to improve efficiency of English classroom teaching at primary school.

Keywords: teaching efficiency teacher-student interaction teachers’ quality

摘 要

课堂是教师向学生传授新知识的地方和场所。因此，如何提高小学英语课堂效率和如何帮助学生尽可能多的接受所学新知识已经成为问题，越来越多的老师注意到这一问题。 在英语教学中没有固定的方法，每一种方法都有利有弊， 也就是说，我们并没有能满足所有学生和课堂的一种方法，在教学中有许多改善这种情形的方法，本文分析了这一现象并

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且提出了一些提高课堂教学效率的方法。

【关键词】 教学效率 师生互动 教师素质

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I. Introduction

In all English classroom teaching, primary school English classroom teaching has played a very important role. The new materials to our teachers with new teaching ideas brought new challenges to our teachers’ teaching and students learning. Under the guidance of the concept of the new curriculum, the teaching of primary in English classroom, teachers change students' learning, and change students' interesting, and change students' learning methods. English teaching in primary schools is the may of classroom teaching; classroom teaching is embodied in the teaching activities. At the age of seven, a child steps into primary school; as the time of going, they experience everything from primary school to college. Time in primary school is limited; of course, they cannot accept all knowledge that their teachers teach them. But how can they learn more knowledge? More and more people fix their eyes on this question. Teacher need to improve the efficiency of primary school English classroom teaching. Therefore, they focus on students' learning, how to make primary school English teaching science effectively; how to make teaching meaningful has become the common thinking of the educators. The purpose of writing this paper is to find some ways to help students learn more and make teacher learn more. In this paper, firstly, it will expose some problems primary school students meet in learning and some difficulties teachers meet in teaching. Secondly, it will show some ways to improve this kind of education. At last, it will discuss whether these ways are suitable for primary school students in English learning.

II. Analysis of Low Teaching Efficiency of Primary Schools’ English Class

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Language is seen as man's most important gift. It is the basics of all creative thought. Without language, there will be no progress, no civilization and no culture. English language continues to be used even more intensively as a medium of instruction for pupils in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. As a result of this importance, it is necessary to teach it well. However this has not been so especially in the primary schools. There are many problems in schools today that make learning and teaching processes difficult. For quite some time now, the issue of English language has been a major concern to the authorities in schools. Let we have a look.

1. Problems in teaching

Teachers play an important role in teaching. They need to learn while they are teaching, and so being a teacher is difficult, being an excellent primary school English teacher is more difficult. Every teacher is eager to be an outstanding teacher, they also tend to pay more attention to improve efficiency of English classroom teaching at primary schools, but it is difficult. In the process of teaching, different teacher have different ways to teach. They can meet different problems: as follows, there is something wrong with teaching facilities while they are teaching them, they do not know how to deal with them. Some students make troubles in the class, teachers distract their attention because of handling the thing. And it has a bad effect on efficiency of English classroom teaching. They will bring their bad mood to the classroom and they will lose their tempers to their innocent students, and it also influences the efficiency. Primary school students are curious about a lot of things; they have a lot of questions in class. They are brave to ask,

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and sometimes teachers could not answer their questions as soon as possible. For this reason, those pupils will look down upon their teachers, and then there will be no good result, these are only some of the problems. The paper will propose some others in detail below.

2. Problems in learning

As is known to all, primary school students are young and active, their interests are easy to get, at the same time, and they are easy to lose. It is difficult for them to concentrate on the whole class, especially at the end of the class, they may divert attention from others. There are many problems for these young children in class. First of all, every child longs for being praised. If they are criticized by their teacher, they will be sad and absent-minded. Secondly, primary school students love imitating teacher's pronunciation, their imitativeness are strong, but most of them could not control themselves. In class, when the teacher demonstrates the pronunciation, they could not help imitating their teacher. As a result, their own wrong pronunciation comes into being. What is worse, this badly affects their classmates. Thirdly, some of them are self-abased, their partners are more excellent than them, and teachers always encourage and reward them, sometimes they quarrel with their classmates the class before this class, they are unhappy, so they are not able to focus on the class. What is more, some of them ignore their teacher, they are busy with their own business, under this circumstance, that teacher will solve the problem.

III. Strategies for Improving the Teaching Efficiency of Primary Schools’

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English Class

As to the desire of infiniteness, the most important things is to take full advantage of limited resources; this makes us face the key concept of efficiency. Efficiency means the work we finished in short time, therefore, what is so-called high efficiency, people finish a lot of workload, personally, it saves much time, so how to improve the efficiency, people need to come up with some strategies.

1. Making mastering the new teaching idea

The overall goal of English teaching at basic stage is to cultivate student's comprehensive language application ability. The comprehensive language using formation based on students' language skills, language knowledge, emotional attitude, learning strategy and cultural awareness. Language knowledge and language skills are the basis of the comprehensive language using ability; cultural awareness is the guarantee of using the language appropriately. Emotional attitude is the important factor of influencing students' learning and development. Learning strategy is the guarantee of improving learning efficiency and developing the autonomous learning ability. The new curriculum standard advocates adopting task-based language teaching, so teachers must understand what is the task-based language teaching. Task-based teaching is a specific task for learning motivation or the motivation. It takes the process of finishing task as the process of learning. It displays the results of the task way (but not to test scores) to reflect the teaching achievement. If students have specific motivation, they will learn independently and do things with the language they have learned actively. In the

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process of doing things, they use target language naturally and develop their language ability. Teachers should avoid simple language teaching methods, as far as possible the task-based teaching approach, teachers should try to use task-based teaching approach. In the English teaching at primary schools, trying to use task-based teaching theory selectively according to the teaching material will bring new connotation, new vitality and vigor to the classroom. Students are the internal cause of the study, they have intrinsic learning potential. Task-based teaching fully embodies the student-centered and people-oriented teaching idea. At the same time, we should pay attention to prevent excessive pursuit of task lively, and ignore the basic language knowledge and mastery of the language skills. No matter what the teaching method and the way are, it is important for the teachers to absorb new ideas, to try new methods and to explore new methods

2. Preparation before class

Teaching material is the bases of everything, all knowledge teachers teach have something to do with the teaching material. If the English teacher would like to improve the efficiency of the class, the thing he needs to do is to study the textbook and his students again and again before class; of course, the most important thing is to find a suitable objective and method for the students. Whatever things teachers do, they need prepare for it before they do it.

2.1 Preparation of teaching material Teaching material includes textbooks, reference books, video, pictures, and

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cards and so on. As I referred before, it is the basis of everything, students must depend on it first, especially the primary school students. Preparation of teaching material asks teacher to learn syllabus carefully and study the material of the whole term carefully, and then teacher can make a long-term plan for the textbook.

2.2 Preparation of students Preparation of students need individualized quality education. Different students have different accept ion and learning attitude. Teachers should find out where students generally feel difficult through the multi-channel information feedback, they also should know students' psychological condition.

2.3 Preparation of method Good methods have a great effect on the teaching and learning. Preparation of teaching methods is a necessary part of improving the teaching quality. Teacher should make sure the important and difficult points according to the textbook. The purpose of this is to help students learn more and help teacher learn more. 3. Using emotional education

A student who is forced to acquire knowledge could not have long term enthusiasm. As a teacher, he should study the textbook and summarize some problems that students can solve by themselves. What is more, teachers also

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should give students chance to make full use of their own talents, because the task finished by them is better than the task finished with the help of their teacher, therefore, they will have a sense of accomplishment. There is no genius in the world, or the teacher's work will be out of using, at the same time, teachers must attach importance to the emotional education. That is, conducting emotional classroom teaching and creating the relaxed atmosphere for classroom teaching. Emotion is the core of a class in the process of English classroom teaching at primary schools. As an official foreign language, there exists an obstacle between pupils and English. At first, the emotion involves in teaching content. When teachers prepare lessons, he should not only hold the important points and difficult points but also analyze the ideology of people in the textbook, what is more, teachers need to do their best to experience the emotion in the textbook through their own life experience. There are many kinds of classroom teaching, teachers can play or sing some English songs for the pupils in English classroom teaching at primary schools, students will be willing to study English after listening, they long for learning it well and sing it to their mothers, they will strive to practice the song again and again, in the meantime, students can learn some new words, of course, teacher should choose the song carefully, the new words in the song could not be too difficult , or students' enthusiasm tend to be disappeared easily. The purpose of learning a kind of language is to communicate with others, certainly, it is too hard for primary school students, pupils are curious about different things, they learn English at primary schools is just to improve their interests(范, 2010). Fan

4. Building up students' interests of learning English

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Interest is the best teacher of students. If students are interested in the subject, they will have continuously learning power. The reason why we prepare all kinds of small games, why we organize different types of small competition, why we bring boring learning into varieties of activities is because we need students to have enduring interest to learn this subject. The best effect always appears in class, as long as teachers can take full advantage of the forty minutes in class, every student can get the performance what they want to have. Whether students can learn English or not, it has nothing to do with another ten minutes teacher used after class, it also has nothing to with a lot of homework.

4.1 Creating teaching situation and classroom atmosphere Teaching situation and classroom atmosphere are very important for teachers and students. Teacher should try their best to create teaching scene in classroom teaching. Teachers should develop democratic ideas, what teachers can do is to encourage students to participate in the relaxed, happy classroom and stimulate students' study interest.

4.2 The knowledge glamour of teachers' In the general case, a teacher is knowledgeable. Teachers have to have knowledge glamour; he must have a sincere heart of loving education and their own students. An excellent teacher attract student' attention, therefore, it can cause student's learning interest, at last, students will acquire knowledge.

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4.3 The combination of teaching and activities All of the elementary school students have the characteristics of being active. If the teachers can hold some activities related to teaching contents, it will be easy to stimulate their interests. For example, we can have a competition about making a speech, singing a song and telling a story. As is known to all, it is hard to build up study interest. As a primary school English teacher, it will have happy ending if teachers have a way to build up pupil's study interest. Meanwhile, educator should take a development look at teaching reform and face problems appeared in classroom actively. What is more, they should adjust teaching strategy constantly and improve teaching effect.

5.Improving teacher's quality

The language itself is silent, it has a function of complementing, cooperation and modifying, teachers influence their students, teacher's kind and confident eyes make students have a sense of security and eliminate fear and shorten feeling distance between them. Teacher's warm smile, friendly and kind face enable students to obtain the most sincere and direct feeling, so what is teacher like closely related to students. Primary school English teachers play different roles in English teaching, they play as a provider, conductor, actor, demonstrator and judge. This makes us know the important position of primary school English teachers, for this reason, it is necessary for primary school English teachers to improve their basic quality. Only to have professional ethics, good personality, good language quality and excellent teaching skills, if they are proficient in teaching strategy, they

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will do their own job better. Firstly, primary school English teachers must enjoy their teaching job, they should be responsible for it and students. Any teacher must be full of the sense of responsibility, the purpose of it is to win the respect and affection of students, and as a result, it can coruscate pupil's study enthusiasm and motivate their learning desire. Secondly, the primary school English teachers must have solid language quality. Language quality includes language knowledge and the ability of using language. On the one hand, it refers to English pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, pragmatics and cultural background of knowledge. On the other hand, it refers to listening, speaking, reading and writing ability to use language. The primary school English teaching to teacher's language quality requirement is very high. If the teacher's pronunciation and intonation are poor, it will affect the quality of the imitation of students directly, therefore, the primary school English teachers must improve their language quality carefully so as to read letters, phonetic alphabet accurately. Thirdly, the primary school English teacher should also grasp the basic teaching skills. Teaching skills is mainly refers to teachers design teaching and the ability of the organization of the classroom activities. It is to control the teacher's teaching ability and the comprehensive reflection of literary teaching theory. Primary school English teachers should consider student's age characteristics, personality traits, language level and other aspects. Teacher can carry out the effective class activities according to teaching task. Teachers should understand: what to teach, how to teach, why you teach. The teachers must analyze different teaching environment to achieve the best results. For example, when teachers teach the word” pen\", for one thing, teachers can ask students to read it directly, and explain the meaning of the word in Chinese. For another, teachers also can teach the word with a real pen for intuitive teaching or

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present the word with the aid of multimedia. Which method on earth is better, it must ask our teachers to consider the pupil's cognitive ability and actual teaching need. Finally, the primary school English teachers should have a comprehensive educational and scientific research ability, mainly including good at thinking educational phenomenon, is good at selecting the subject and the research direction, and be good at collecting and processing information, and the information of scientific judgment, analysis and evaluation. Teachers should strengthen learning ability and update their knowledge structure constantly; otherwise, teachers can enrich their knowledge of theory and practice. In this way, they not only can improve their education scientific research ability, but also it is able to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching. Primary school students are learning English at the initiation stage. Primary school English teachers have the important task to cultivate students' interests and lay a good foundation for the students. So teachers must improve their quality from every aspect consciously, so as to improve our classroom teaching efficiency.

6. The use of modern education media

The textbook is just a textbook, neither can it speak or move. Teacher should use TV, VCD, computer and video to let the textbook become flexible, as a result, it can shock student’s mind, develop their intelligence, cultivate their innovation ability. Using the right electronic teaching meanings and choosing appropriate teaching methods are helpful to improve students’ enthusiasm, strengthen the student’s desire to seek knowledge. A famous person in America said: the best stimulant of learning is into the interests of material you learned. In the process of

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teaching, the use of electronic means can arouse children’s strong learning interest, attract their attention, the purpose of it is to stimulate their desire of learning English. As follows, when we learn the four preposition in, on under and behind, teacher can show them at first, and then teacher can require students to observe the projection of the object of a desk. In the whole process of learning, we use electronic media, it increase students’ study interest, so they can take part in the English learning actively and acquire more knowledge.

7.Reflection after class

As a necessary part of the classroom teaching and useful supplement, the reflection after class is very important for both teachers and students. In the process of whole primary school English teaching, the position and function of the reflection after class is very huge. A successful primary school English class not only need a beginning which is full of humor and wit but also need a wonderful end. There are many ways to make a summary. For example, direct, suspense type, inductive, inquiry, proactive type, application type an so on, through the brief summary activities, students can consolidate knowledge, feelings, success, confidence and feel the joy of learning English. If it is suitable for teachers to criticize the troublemakers continuously, how students will have a chance to speak and speak English bravely; how will teacher encourage students to carry out benign competition and control students’ discipline properly, so teacher should make a summary after class, the reflection after class also can make teacher have big progress.

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7.1 Teaching summary after class Teaching is a long process; teachers can meet with a lot of difficulties in this process. If teachers would like to win the praise of students' they must make a summary often. Do teaching summary after class is meaningful to the self-improvement of the primary school English teacher.

7.2 The arrangement of the assignment after class The purpose of leaving homework for primary school students is to review what they have learned. Finishing homework is a task for students themselves, so teacher should set homework carefully to make the process of finishing homework become the process of self-improvement. The homework could not be too difficult or too easy.

IV. Conclusion

Primary school English classroom teaching is a complete system, the process of learning and teaching in classroom teaching is a complex system. There are many factors influencing the efficiency of classroom teaching. The classroom is also one of the key parts in English teaching activity. The efficiency is based on the English teaching and classroom. There are only forty minutes in an English class in primary school; teacher should try to come up with the best way to improve the efficiency. If teacher can fully realize the importance of English classroom teaching and apply many kinds of methods to arouse children’s interest, the efficiency of

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primary school English classroom will be improved.

Bibliography

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Jeremy, Harmer, (2000). How to teach English language education experts. Foreign

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Language Teaching and Research Press.

范春林（2010） 中小学生对课堂社会环境知觉及其与自主学习关系研究, 北京师范大学。

胡春洞、张思中（1996） ,《教学法与交际法之差异》（上、下）, 《中小学外语教学法》。

贾冠杰(2003) ,《外语教育心理学》广西： 广西教育出版社。

王蔷(2003)， 《小学英语教学法教程》北京： 高等教育出版社。

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